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JOHN BURDICK SLAUGHTER was born near Ravenna, Ohio, March 3, 1831, and is the son of Solomon and Ruth (Burdick) Slaughter, natives respectively of Delaware and Massachusetts, the former born in 1805 and the latter in 1810. Solomon Slaughter was reared in the State of his nativity, and when about twenty-three years of age emigrated to Ohio, and settled on a farm near Ravenna. About the year 1829 he was married to Ruth Burdick, the daughter of John and Maria (Thayer) Burdick who were pioneers of Summit county, Ohio. John B. Slaughter received the advantages of a district school education, attending during the winter season and passing the remainder of the time at work upon the farm. When quite a lad he started out to make his own way in life. His first efforts were upon the canal, where he passed some time driving a canal team. Afterward he went to Cleveland and began to learn the trade of marble cutting. Having mastered his trade, he returned to his native town and worked at the same for some time, but his health failing him, on account of too close attention to his work, in 1854 he went west to the wilds and prairies of Wisconsin and passed the winter in a logging camp among the pineries. In the spring he resumed work at his trade, purchasing an interest in a marble shop at Chicago. He afterward worked at different points throughout the West, including nearly three years at Ligonier, Ind., where he owned a shop and from which place he came to Goshen in 1859, where he has since resided. In March, 1864, he was married to Miss Lydia Dean, who was born in Meadville, Penn., April 13, 1839, to the marriage of Abram and Isabella (Adams) Dean. To the union of Mr. and Mrs. Slaughter have been born three children: Halsey D., born May 27, 1866, and died January 14, 1890; Leon B., born March 5, 1869, and Isabella, born September 10, 1874, and died December 25, 1881. Mr. Slaughter has never sought political honors, but has been twice elected to the common council of his city. He was for many years a member of the Masonic fraternity. During the period of nearly forty years that Mr. Slaughter has been in the marble business in this locality, he has placed his work in nearly every cemetery in northern Indiana and southern Michigan and has marked the last resting place of thousands of his fellow beings.

“Pictorial and Biographical Memoirs of Elkhart and St. Joseph Counties, Indiana
Together with Biographies of Many Prominent Men of Northern Indiana and the Whole State, Both Living and Dead”
Goodspeed Brothers Publishers, Chicago
1893
John Morris Co. Printers and Binders

ELI S. HUFF. It is with true interest that the biographer takes up his pen to write of the Huff family, one of the prominent ones of the county, and of one of its members, Eli S. Huff, who is actively engaged in agricultural pursuits. This representative citizen was born in Elkhart county, Middlebury township, Ind., November 7, 1846, and is a son of Michael and Lucy A. (Blucher) Huff, natives of Wayne county, Ohio. Michael Huff was born in 1816, and his father, Philip Huff, was a native of the Keystone State, but at an early date came to Wayne county, Ohio, with his family. There his death occurred. Michael was reared on a farm in Ohio and learned the broom trade, at which he worked during the winter months for thirty years. He was married to Miss Lucy A. Blucher, and the following children were born to them: Sarah A., Lavina (deceased), John H., Eli S., Chauncy (deceased) and Malinda (deceased). In 1836 Mr. Huff and family came to Elkhart county, Ind., settled in Middlebury township and were among the pioneers of the same. Six years later he disposed of his property in Middlebury and removed to Jefferson township, where he purchased eighty acres of unimproved land in Section 12, which he cleared and improved. He afterward purchased additional land, and at one time owned 200 acres, being a very successful agriculturist. His death occurred April 28, 1889, and his widow survived him until October 8, 1889. Six years had passed over the head of our subject when his parents settled in Jefferson township, and in this township he was reared. He assisted his father on the farm, and in his youthful days learned the broom-maker’s trade of his father, working at the same during the winter months. His education was received in the schools of Jefferson township, and on February 11, 1879, he was married to Eliza J. Cornell, who was born March 12, 18-, a native of Ohio, and the latter of Elkhart county, Ind. Mrs. Cornell died in 1852, and Mr. Cornell now resides in Goshen. Mr. and Mrs. Huff are the parents of two children - Corella (married Edward Musbaum), and Frank. They have also an adopted child, Grace. Mr. Huff has 100 acres of land in Jefferson township, and on this he resides at the present time. He a1so owns about seventeen acres in Elkhart township, near Goshen. In politics he is a stanch Republican, and has been supervisor of his township. He is a member of the K. P. Lodge at Middlebury, and he and wife hold membership in the Methodist Episcopal Church.

BYRON K. ELLIOTT, well known as a jurist and author throughout the United States, was born in Butler county, Ohio, September, 4, 1835. His ancestry is Pennsylvanian, from which State James Elliott, his grandfather, went to Ohio in 1799. Judge Elliott lived at Hamilton until 1849, and after a year or so spent in Cincinnati, came to Indianapolis in December, 1850. His education was received at Hamilton Academy, Furman's Seminary, and the "Old Seminary" in Indianapolis, Mr. Lang being at the time in charge. He was ad¬mitted to the bar in February, 1858, on motion of Judge N. B. Taylor, and in May, 1859, was elected city attorney - a most convincing proof of ability and character to command such a position at the age of twenty-four, and in the first year of professional life. Judge Elliott was in the hundred-day service as a captain in the One Hundred and Thirty-second Regiment, and was subsequently on General Milroy's staff as assistant adjutant general. On his return he resumed practice, and was elected city attorney again in 1865, and reelected in 1867 and 1869. In October, 1870, he was elected judge of the criminal court, and resigned the office of city attorney. In November, 1872, he resigned the judgeship to take the office of city solicitor unanimously tendered him by the city council. He was elected city attorney once more in 1873, and one of the judges of the superior court in 1876. In 1880 he was nominated by the Republicans for judge of the supreme court of Indiana and elected. He has been a member of that court ever since, serving for several terms as chief justice of the same. In 1892 he was re-nominated by acclamation for the same office. Judge Elliott is lecturer on equity and jurisprudence at De Pauw University at Greencastle, and at the Northwestern University, at Chicago, of which Henry Wade Rogers is president. He was married to Miss Harriet A. Talbott, of this city, September, 5, 1855. Judge Elliott is regarded, in and out of the profession, as one of the purest, fairest, and most clear-sighted of Indiana judges of this generation. His rulings and opinions are widely known and quoted, and there are few in which greater or more general confidence is felt than in his. He has also attained a national reputation as a writer of legal literature, and at the annual meeting of the National Bar Association, held in this city in August, 1890, was chosen to deliver the annual address. His subject on that occasion was "Local Self-Government." It was a masterpiece of thought and diction. One of the most beautiful and touching orations of its kind ever delivered in the State was that of Judge Elliott at the memorial services in Goshen after the death of Judge J. A. S. Mitchell, early in 1890. It is a perfect classic. The Judge has been called on frequently, during his career, as a speaker on public, law, or literary topics, and has demonstrated the possession of ability in that direction, and a happy manner of treatment not usually possessed by those who, like him, closely bend themselves to hard and persistent work on the bench and in the field of legal instruction. The lack of space precludes that extended notice and review of Judge Elliott as a law writer which his merits deserve. Three volumes: "Work of the Advocate," "The Law of Roads and Streets," and "Appellate Procedure," were the joint production of himself and his son William F. Elliott. These books are issued by the Bowen Merrill Company of this city. The first is a large octavo volume of 770 pages, first issued in 1888. The second covers over 800 pages, and has the largest and most general circulation of any law book published in recent years. The "Work of the Advocate" called forth from the Albany Law Journal, one of the most critical and impartial of legal periodicals, a review of two pages in its editorial columns, in which the book is highly praised, not only from a lawyer's standpoint, but for its literary excellence. "It is a pleasure," says the editor of the Law Journal, "to read such an excellent style, never diffuse and never barren, supplied with striking antitheses, and enlivened by apt anecdotes.' The Judge is always acute and ingenious." All the leading law journals of the country have found much to commend in the book, and speak of it in equally just and flattering terms. The latest work has also been much praised by eminent lawyers and judges. In the same way judges of the supreme courts of many of the States and the leading lawyers of the entire country have given evidence of their appreciation of the volume. Mention is made of the remarkable demand for "The Law of Roads and Streets" in the chapter on bookmaking and publishing in this volume. It would be gratifying if it were possible to condense the opinions expressed on this work by the daily press of the country, as well as the legal journals and hundreds of eminent lawyers and judges. It would be easy to cover many of the broad pages of this work with extracts like the following, which is a sample of many, and in this instance taken from the Central Law Journal, of St. Louis: "The high reputation and wide experience of Judge Elliott as a member of the supreme court of Indiana is such that our readers need not be told that he is capable of preparing a thoroughly good law book. He is the oldest, and by common consent, the leading member of that court, and, indeed, in point of learning and ability occupies a place in the front rank of the eminent jurists of this country. His opinions on the bench always exhibit great care, thought and laborious research, and contain terse, vigorous statements of the law."

HON. ALBERT OSBORN. The Osborn family is one of the prominent ones of Elkhart county and the first member to take root on American soil was the great-grandfather of our subject, who was born in England and who braved Neptune's tender mercies and settled in Massachusetts at an early date. He brought his wife with him and in that State both passed the remainder of their days. Their son, Enos Osborn, grandfather of subject, grew to manhood in that State, and was there married to Miss Naoma ---. He tilled the soil there for many years and then moved with his family to Otsego county, N. Y., and about 1840 from there to St. Joseph county, Mich. There he made a permanent settlement, and there his death occurred about the year 1870, at the advanced age of ninety-seven years. His wife had passed away several years prior to that. Both were natives of the Old Bay State. Their son, Daniel Osborn, was born in Massachusetts and was but a mere child when his parents settled in New York State. In that State he grew to manhood and received a common-school education. He learned the clothier trade when young, but did not follow it to any great extent, being engaged in other enterprises from which he realized big returns. He was also a minister of local fame, although he did not follow it at any time as a business, being an agriculturist for the most part. He was married in Otsego county, N. Y., to Miss Margaret Miller, a daughter of Michael and Elizabeth Miller, both of whom were natives of New York and of German descent. Mr. Miller resided in New York until after the death of his wife after which he went to Missouri and made his home with his children, all of whom had emigrated to different parts of the West. He lived to be nearly one hundred years old and during his latter days was remarkably sprightly, retaining his faculties in a wonderful manner until his death, which occurred in Missouri. In 1835 Daniel Osborn and family removed to St. Joseph county, Mich., settled on wild land purchased from the Government and covered with timber, and on this erected a hewn-log cabin, which was considered a very good house for those days. Having spent all his money in the purchase of the farm and getting settled he had very little left at the beginning of winter. He was not easily discouraged and purchasing an ax handle for a pattern, began making these out of the limited amount of hickory timber on his place, for the market. During his first winter in Michigan he made and sold about $80 worth of these handles and afterward often wondered how he would have supported his family in any other way during that first season. On this farm Mr. Osborn lived until his death in 1860, being nearly sixty years of age. During his residence in St. Joseph county he was officially connected with the same at different times in various capacities and discharged his duties in a satisfactory and creditable manner. His wife survives him and resides with a daughter in Goshen, being now over ninety-four years of age. Their son, Albert Osborn, subject of this sketch, was born in the Empire State, Otsego county, April 2, 1824, and is not only one of the foremost agriculturists of Elkhart county, Ind., but one of its most influential citizens. He was but eleven years of age when his parents emigrated from his native State to St. Joseph county, Mich., and in the latter State he finished his growth and learned habits of economy and industry. He attended the common schools of the county and walked two and a half miles morning and evening to obtain a limited education, always improving his time when in the school-room. He was married in St. Joseph county, February 2, 1845, to Miss Catherine Kirkwood, a native of Greene County Ohio, born in 1824, and the daughter of William and Elizabeth (Schover) Kirkwood, the former a native of the Buckeye State and the latter of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Kirkwood died when Catherine was quite small and Mr. Kirkwood's death occurred in Ohio a number of years later. After marriage Mr. Osborn settled in St. Joseph county, Mich., and a few years afterward in Ohio. In 1852 Mr. Osborn made a trip to California, going across the plains, and returned in December, 1855, the trip proving a profitable one. In the spring of 1863 he came to Elkhart county, settled in Jackson township, and two years later removed to Jefferson township. There he settled on the farm where he now resides and has since been classed among the representative men of the county. In 1872 he was elected to the Legislature and served two years. In 1890 he was nominated on the Democratic ticket for the Legislature and although the county has a Republican majority of 300 or more, he was elected, thus showing his popularity. He was renominated last year (1892) by his party. Mr. Osborn is a very conscientious man in all that pertains to his official life and work and votes for the best interests of the people, regardless of party affiliations. He is an upright, honorable man and is popular in his county regardless of party. He has never sought office, never solicited a vote, his nominations and elections coming unsolicited. Mr. Osborn has a farm of 200 acres of well-improved land, is progressive and enterprising, and one of the prosperous men of his section. He recently deeded an undivided one-half of the property to his only child, Ira A., who resides on and superintends the homestead. He was born in St. Joseph county, Mich., February 2, 1846, and passed his boyhood days on the farm. He came to Jefferson township, Elkhart county, Ind., with his parents in 1865 and there has made his home since. He was educated in the public schools and when he decided to take unto himself a wife he selected Miss Josephine Chamberlain, a native of Goshen, Ind., born August 8, 1853, and the daughter of Smith and Elizabeth (Lathrop) Chamberlain, the former a native of New Jersey and the latter of Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Osborn are the parents of two children: Frank A. and Albert S. Mr. Osborn is trustee of the township, has held that position for four years, and is an energetic young man, a successful farmer, and a leader in the Democratic party in Jefferson township. He is a member of the Farmer's Alliance. His mother died January 8, 1891. She was an excellent woman and had many warm friends.

ROBERT E. CHATTEN has, perhaps, as many friends as any man in Elkhart county. He is a native of Adrian, Mich., his birth occurring April 2, 1857. His youth was passed amid more hardships than usually fall to the lot of boys, as his advantages were of a very limited nature, and when barely old enough he had to work, not only for himself, but his mother and five younger children. In 1867 the family moved to Elkhart county and settled in the village of Benton. He then worked on the bench at shoemaking. While yet a youth he became librarian for his township, and having access to the valuable reading matter it contained and the school text-books, he made the most of his opportunities, and his leisure hours were devoted to reading and study, whereby he obtained a practical education. While working hard from early morning until late at night, he would then burn the "midnight oil" in pursuing his researches after knowledge. He worked at the bench and pursued his studies until he attained his majority, and during this time he was fortunate enough to attend Oberlin College, Ohio, for three months. Upon attaining his twenty-second year he was elected to the office of justice of the peace, and was probably the youngest man ever elected to that position in the State of Indiana. In discharging his duties he showed great wisdom and judgment, and his services were known and appreciated by those who had elected him to the office. About 1880 he concluded that his chances for success in life would be greater in the West, and upon announcing his intention, was strongly urged by his friends to forego such desires, and he did so. About this time his particular friend and counsellor, Captain Thompson, became a candidate for the office of sheriff, and young Chatten did all in his power for his friend's election, and the result was the Captain's election to the office. The latter then appointed Mr. Chatten his deputy, not only in recognition of the services that had been rendered him, but from the fact that he was an intelligent young man and well qualified for the position. Mr. Chatten soon after went to the county seat, and, not withstanding the fact that he was a green country boy, he filled the position admirably. In 1886 he sought the nomination of sheriff at the hands of the Republican county convention, and on the first ballot was nominated, a fact that showed that while filling the position of deputy, he builded better than he knew. He made the canvass of the county, and much to his surprise was elected by the unprecedented majority of 1,486 votes, the nominal majority being understood to be about three hundred. The inference gained is, that Mr. Chatten was a popular candidate, to say the least. That he filled the position satisfactorily is evidenced by his reelection two years later by a majority of 1,586 - just 100 more votes than at his first election. Mr. Chatten was married November 15, 1885, to Miss Annie Darr, and by her is the father of one daughter: Madge M. Mr. Chatten is a K. of P. and the order of Chosen Friends.

JOHN B. HABEY. Among the old soldiers whose life records are to be found in the annals of Elkhart county, Ind., and whose bravery and endurance upon the battlefield and in the march are a story well worth telling, we can give the name which appears at the head of this sketch. His parents, George and Rebecca (Brewer) Habey, were natives of Pennsylvania, and there the former received his final sum¬mons. The latter died in Elkhart county, York township, Ind., in 1873. Our subject first saw the light of day in Pennsylvania May 30, 1836, and he made his home there until eighteen years of age, when he came to St. Joseph county, Mich. Six years later, or in the fall of 1860, he purchased a farm where he now lives, and settled upon it in May, 1861. At that time he had fifty acres of land covered with timber, and he erected a house 16x20 feet, double boards, and resided in this for several years before it was plastered. He was married January 29, 1856, to Miss Mary E. Bass, daughter of William Bass, by a former marriage (see sketch). She was born October 9, 1837, and by her marriage became the mother of four children, viz.: Clara A., born February 17, 1857, married B. T. Vandecarr, and is now residing at South Bend, Ind.; William M., born May 26, 1859, is studying for the ministry, and has nearly completed a thorough course at Wittinburg College at Springfield, Ohio; Susannah, born June 1, 1861, married B. L. Brown May 2, 1883, and now resides in Chicago, and Jennie I. V., born December 27, 1874, and is now residing at home. Mr. Habey has the original farm he purchased in this township, and has added to this eleven acres of timber land in St. Joseph county, Mich. On August 11, 1862, Mr. Habey enlisted in Company I, Eighty-eighth Indiana Infantry, and dedicated himself to his country's cause for three years, unless sooner killed or disabled. About six weeks after leaving home he participated in the battle of Perryville, Ky., which occurred October 8, 1862, and about a year after enlistment he was transferred to the veteran reserve corps, for what reason he does not know. He has a good record, as the fine recommendations of acting assistant Adjt. Gen. E. R. P. Shurley shows, while he was sergeant of Company D, Eighth Regiment Veteran Reserve Corps at Camp Douglas, Chicago. Among other things Capt. Shurley said: "Habey is a man of more than ordinary executive ability, and has been deserving of increased rank. The camp is wholly indebted to him for its architectural beauties. It has increased and grown into its splendid proportions under his skill and mechanical ingenuity. The records from his old company state that he has been energetic, brave and patriotic. He is of the class of men who have served the Government. He has saved the Government at this point by his judgment and skill vast sums of money." This complimentary letter was dated Camp Douglas, July 6, 1865. Another letter dated July 2, 1865, and signed by Eugene V. Roddin, quartermaster, was equally complimentary. From the effects of rheumatism and other disabilities contracted in field service Mr. Habey is at present incapacitated for work and receives a pension of $10 per month. He is a member of the G. A. R., and in politics is a firm advocate of Republican principles. He and Mrs. Habey are worthy members of the Lutheran Church and are highly respected in the community.

GOV. JAMES D. WILLIAMS, or more popularly known as "Blue-Jeans" Williams, represented the old type of the true gentleman. He was not gifted with the polish that comes of a finished education or that is usual in the case of public men. A Democrat of the Jeffersonian school in all that the term implies, a man of remarkable force of character, simple and unostentatious in his intercourse with his fellow-men, honest as the day was long, it is no wonder that "Blue-Jeans" Williams obtained a strong hold upon the hearts of the masses. He was born January 16, 1808, in Pickaway county, Ohio, moved with his parents to Knox county, Ind., when ten years old, was reared to hard work on the home farm, and was taught to believe that it was far better to be able to boast of his skill in plowing, clearing, splitting rails, swinging the cradle and the like, than it was to boast of his education. As a consequence his schooling was of a very meager character; but what he lacked in this respect was modified to a considerable extent by desultory readings and in his intercourse with men of learning. When twenty years old his father died, and the care of the family devolved upon him, and three years later occurred his marriage with Nancy Huffman. When thirty-one years of age he began his public career by becoming a justice of the peace, but in 1843 resigned and was elected to the State Legislature. From 1843 to 1874 Mr. Williams was almost continually in the Legislature of the State, either as representative or senator. In the year last mentioned he was elected to represent his district in Congress, was made chairman of the Committee on Accounts of the House, and while not making a brilliant record in his one term as Congressman, he gave a thoroughly able and honest representation. In 1876, much to his surprise, he became the nominee of the Democracy of the State for the Governorship of Indiana. It was in this campaign that his opponents made sport of his homespun clothes and plain appearance, and obtained for him the sobriquet of "Blue Jeans." It was one of the most remarkable campaigns of this most remarkable country, and is comparable to the "Tippecanoe and Tyler too," and the Lincoln-Douglas elections. Mr. Williams was elected by more than five thousand votes over Gen. Benjamin Harrison, afterward President of the United States, and served four years. He has been dead several years.

JAMES A. ARTHUR. To speak of the Goshen of a quarter of a century ago as compared with the Goshen of to-day, is, on the one hand, referring to a thrifty agricultural hamlet, and on the other to a prosperous manufacturing city ranking second to none of its size in the entire Union. Substantial brick structures are rapidly taking the place of tumble-down wooden blocks, factories have been and are being built, manufactories are induced to locate within its borders, metropolitan airs are justly assumed, and the year 1892 finds the city upon the full tide of prosperity. The character of a locality is determined by the conduct of its inhabitants, and Goshen, Ind., is noted for its enterprising, intelligent and law-abiding citizens. This prosperous condition of affairs is not alone attributable to the old time honored people; far from it. The younger men, more active in their business callings, have been untiring for the city's weal, and by reason of their push and enterprise the city has a national reputation. Prominent among this latter class is James A. Arthur, whose name forms the subject for this sketch. A native of Prince Edward's Island, his birth occurred January 7, 1851, being one in a family of eight children, six of whom are yet living. The parents, John and Rachel (Wolner) Arthur, were natives of Prince Edward's Island and Ipswich, England, respectively. In 1859 the family immigrated to the United States, locating first at Niles, Mich., but removing to Goshen, Ind., in 1861, where the father embarked in mercantile pursuits and keeping a hotel. In 1871 he moved to Illinois where he engaged in farming, continuing that avocation until his death at Kankakee, July 7, 1885. Mr. Arthur was of a thrifty nature and had accumulated, at different times, considerable money, but this was all swept away by endorsing friends' papers. He died as he lived - an honest, deserving and respected man - his widow yet surviving him, residing in Chicago. James A. Arthur is the only living representative of his father's family, now in Elkhart county. Receiving but a common-school education, he commenced the battle of life upon his own responsibility, at the age of sixteen, without a dollar to call his own. During early manhood he began buying and selling pumps, but in 1871 began traveling for Walworth, Twohig & Furse, large dealers, at Chicago, in pumps and plumbers' supplies. This position he resigned in 1873 to take charge of the sales department of the Goshen Pump Company, with whom he continued for a period of seven years. In January, 1880, in company with Alfred Lowry and John Korrady, Jr., he established the "I X L Pump Company," which was shortly afterward merged into the "I X L Pump, Lumber & Manufacturing Company," incorporated with $22,200 capital, and of which Mr. Lowry was made president and Mr. Arthur secretary and treasurer. In 1885 Mr. Korrady sold his interest to the two other partners who have ever since continued the business. "Keeping everlastingly to it brings success" is the motto of this corporation, and if ever a motto was religiously adhered to it has been in this case. The legitimate result is success in the fullest sense of the word. The proprietors planned to do $10,000 worth of business the first year; much to their gratification the amount reached $45,000. Not only this, but every year has shown a steady increase over the preceding one until at present they give employment to an average of seventy-five men and transact from $145,000 to $150,000 worth of trade annually. To the untiring devotion of Messrs. Arthur and Lowry to their business is attributed the success of one of the most substantial and widely known firms of Goshen. Mr. Arthur is also president of the Goshen Pump Company, the oldest and largest manufactory of wood pumps in the United States, being established in 1854 and the first company to put wood pumps on the market as an article of merchandise. He is president of the Goshen Colosseum Company, which built and owns the building now occupied by the G. A. R. He is also vice-president of the Whitaker Carriage & Manufacturing Company, which was established in 1861; is secretary and treasurer of The Indiana Novelty Company and The Wood Pump Manufacturing Association of the United States. While Mr. Arthur works almost night and day for the success of the I X L, he has not been able to keep free from local, social and public duties. A Democrat in politics and a hard worker in his party's behalf, he has, for ten years, been a member of the County Central Committee of the county; is the present president of the Thomas A. Hendricks Club; is a member of the K. of P. and R. A. fraternities, in which he has "passed all the chairs"; took an active part in the organization of the Pottawattomie Club and was elected its first president, and is still a director. He is now president of the Goshen" City School Board and a member of the County School Board; is a director in the Goshen Commercial Exchange and the Goshen Lecture Association, and in addition to the above superintends a large farm at Dailey, Mich. The important event in the life of Mr. Arthur, next to that of his birth, occurred November 26, 1874. At that time Miss Amelia Smith, of Edwardsburg, Mich., became his wife. One daughter, Luella M., aged fifteen years, is the fruit of this union. Unquestionably Mr. Arthur is one-of Goshen's foremost citizens, and everybody calls him "Jim."

WILLIAM HASS. It can not be expected, in a work of this kind, where but brief biographical sketches of prominent citizens of the county are given, that we can do justice to this much esteemed and honored citizen, and yet he has been identified with the county so long, and his name is so familiar to all, that it is only just to dwell upon his career, not as empty words of praise, but as the plain statement of a still plainer truth. Mr. Hass now makes his home in York township, Elkhart county, Ind., but had his nativity in the east, being born in Northumberland county, Penn., December 27, 1816. His parents, John and Catherine (Mayer) Hass, were natives of the Keystone State, born in what is now Snyder county. The natural advantages of the Western States attracted the attention of John Hass at an early date, and in the year 1842 he came to Michigan, locating in St. Joseph, where he made a permanent home. His death occurred on May 10, 1846, at Franklin, Penn., whither he had gone on a visit. Mrs. Hass died in St. Joseph, Mich., on March 4, 1846. The original of this notice was reared on his father's farm in the Keystone State, and after the latter moved to Michigan young Hass took charge of the farm in Pennsylvania. He was married in that State on November 17, 1842, to Miss Rachel Bennage, daughter of George Bennage, and in 1846 the fertile prairies of the West tempted him also to move toward the setting sun. He and wife started with the father of our subject, who died on the way, as before mentioned. Mr. Hass settled on his father's place in Michigan, resided there until the spring of 1865, and then came to the Hoosier State. He located upon his present farm in York township, and here reared their children, three in number, viz.: Samuel B., born August 13, 1843, enlisted in the Union army in 1861, was taken sick and died at Chattanooga on April 5, 1864; John H., born November 15, 1845, enlisted in the army, served until the close, his death occurred on November 7, 1890; George B., born August 23, 1848, also a brave and faithful soldier during the war and served until the close. He is now a resident of the Wolverine State, Branch county. The mother of these children passed away on September 10, 1848, and Mr. Hass selected his second wife in the person of Miss Rebecca F. Gray, their union being celebrated on September 23, 1849. Mrs. Hass was born May 25, 1830, and was the daughter of Daniel and Isabel (Murray) Gray, natives of Pennsylvania, the father dying in Michigan, November 7, 1872, and the mother in her native State on August 11, 1842. Mr. Hass' last union resulted in the birth of these children: Sarah E., Harris M., Daniel S., Almer C., Katie A., Lucy B. and William H., the last four deceased. Mr. Hass has thirty-nine acres of land., and although his farm is small, he has it so well cultivated that he raises almost as much as some of his neighbors who have much larger farms. He has now reached the advanced age of seventy-five years, and although he has nearly lost his eyesight, being able to see out of but one eye, he enjoys comparatively good health. He is a Republican in his polit¬ical affiliations, and he and Mrs. Hass are worthy members of the Christian Church.

CHARLES B. ALDERMAN (deceased). Among those whose names are inseparably connected with the prosperity of Goshen, Ind., is he whose name forms the subject for this sketch. A native of the State of Vermont, his birth occurred at Greenville on November 16, 1828, being a son of Bidwell and Vesta (Smith) Alderman. Bidwell Alderman dying just prior to the birth of Charles B., his widow married the father of Gen. Milo S. Hascall, who is so well and favorably known throughout northern Indiana. The early youth of Charles B. Alderman was passed in attending the district schools and working on a farm, but at sixteen years of age he began clerking in a store. By reason of failing eyesight he was compelled to return to agricultural pursuits, but two years later entered a wholesale grocery store. September 10, 1850. Miss Elizabeth McLaren, a lady of Scotch ancestry, became his wife, and in 1853 he started westward for the purpose of bettering his circumstances in the growing prosperity of the newer country. Locating permanently at Goshen, Ind., he became a partner in the mercantile establishment of Hascall, Alderman & Brown, but owing to the confining nature of the business, sold his interest, in 1868, and the year following embarked in the manufacture of woolen goods with James E, Winnegar as a partner. In 1875 he became half owner of the stock of the Goshen Gas Works, of which, for many years, he was president. A Democrat in politics, Mr. Alderman began his political career by being elected a member of the city council, serving as such two years. He was elected mayor of the city in 1876, and in 1878 and in 1880 was re-elected, serving three full terms, an honor accorded to no other man occupying this position. As an official his career was above reproach. As a councilman he was instrumental in disposing of the water works bonds at highly satisfactory rates, and the good he accomplished was probably the cause of his elevation and retention to the chair of presiding officer of the city. In July, 1887, he purchased the Hotel Hascall and delegated its management to his son, George F. Mr. Alderman was a member of the order of Free and Accepted Masons, in which he had successively passed from the Blue Lodge to the Chapter, Council and Commandery. Mr. Alderman was one of the county's best men. He died November 1, 1887. Mrs. Alderman is the daughter of Finley and Nancy (Albright) McLaren, the former being a native of Scotland and coming to this country when only seven years old. He married in western New York, settled there on a farm which he tilled for more than half a century, and there died. Only one child was born to Mr. and Mrs. Alderman, George F., who is one of Goshen's progressive young business men. He was born June 15, 1852, in Genesee county; N. Y., was reared to manhood in Elkhart county and completed his schooling at a military institution in his native State. He was manager of the old Violet House, at Goshen, for General Hascall for a time, then for three years was cashier of the Sherman House, Chicago. Succeeding this he had charge of the Hotel Hascall, at Goshen, one year, was room clerk of the Boody House, Toledo, Ohio, one year, and for four years was proprietor of the Bryan House, at Bryan, Ohio. Since January, 1887, he has been proprietor of Hotel Hascall, at Goshen. Mr. Alderman is a Democrat and a member of the Knights of Pythias. To his marriage with Miss Augusta E. Noble there has been born one child.

DANIEL E. LONG. This part of Indiana has proved a mine of wealth to thousands of industrious and earnest farmers who have come hither from the East and from foreign countries, and by dint of hard work and enterprise have developed the resources which nature so liberally provided. Among these is Daniel E. Long, who is not only one of the well-known and esteemed citizens of the county, but an honored soldier of the war of the Rebellion. He is a native of the Buckeye State, born in Knox county, March 20, 1842, and is a son of John and Nancy (Kepler) Long, the former a native of Maryland and the latter of Pennsylvania. They were honest, upright citizens, and were highly esteemed in whatever part of the country they made their home. The father died February 19, 1886, in Vandalia, Mich., and the latter a good many years ago in Knox county, Ohio. When six years of age our subject came to Elkhart county, Ind., whither his father had moved the year previous, 1848, and received a good practical education in the schools of the county, and also became thoroughly conversant with pretty much all kinds of farm labor. Pluck, energy, and an indomitable will, characterized his boyhood and have been apart of his after life. When twenty years of age young Long enlisted in Company I, Eighty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Regiment, and served faithfully and bravely in defense of the stars and stripes until honorably discharged an June 15, 1865. He was in all the engagements in which his regiment participated, the most prominent being: Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, with Sherman from Chattanooga to Atlanta, and in the march to the sea. Mr. Long was wounded at Bentonville, N. C., March 19, 1865, and was disabled from further service. He was ever to the front, and no braver or truer soldier ever trod the red sod of a battlefield. After being wounded he was taken to the hospital at Goldsboro, N. C., and later still to David's Island, N. Y., whence he was brought in the hospital ship, "Northern Light." When able to leave he was sent to Madison, Ind., and there received his discharge. Mr. Long selected his wife in the person of Miss Catherine C. Hass, and their nuptials were celebrated December 15, 1868. She was born at Mottville, Mich., and is the daughter of Charles and Sabie (Housel) Hass, bath natives of that grand old State, Pennsylvania, but both now deceased, the father dying in February, 1877, and the mother in 1859. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Lang has been blessed by the birth of four children, as follows: Becca W. (deceased), Jennie, Everett and Maggie. Mr. Lang is the owner of 188 acres of land, all improved except about thirty acres of timber. He has a good comfortable house, a substantial barn, windmill, and other general improvements. He has not escaped holding office, and has discharged the duties incumbent upon the office of justice of the peace for four years. In politics he is an earnest advocate of the platform of the Republican party, and socially he is a member of the G. A. R. After marriage he resided for two years in Iowa, six years in Michigan, and in 1877 he located in this county on rented land for one year. He then bought eighty acres, where he now lives and added to this from time to time until he now owns one of the best farms in his section. He is thorough going and progressive, and has prospered in all his enterprises.

F. V. B. MINNICH. It matters little what vocation a man selects as his life occupation so long as it is an honorable one. If he is an honest, upright man, courteous in his intercourse with his fellow-men and possessed of the average amount of energy and business sagacity, he is bound to make his business a financial success. Because the subject of this sketch is the possessor of all the above requirements, is the chief reason that he has succeeded; because he is far above the average in point of natural business qualifications, is the reason he to-day stands among the best and most prosperous merchants of Goshen. A brief sketch of Mr. Minnich is here appropriately given: A native of Stark county, Ohio, his birth occurred in the village of Osnaburg, July 9, 1841, and was one in a family of six children, four yet living, born to the marriage of Michael Minnich and Catherine Sleybaugh. The father was a blacksmith by trade, and that, in conjunction with farming, was his occupation through life. He moved with his wife to Indiana in 1865, their children having preceded them, and settling on a farm west of Goshen about four miles, resided there until their respective deaths in 1868 and 1874, having been members of the Lutheran Church. Michael Minnich was a Democrat of the Stephen A. Douglas school, a hard-working, industrious man, a strict believer in the rule of attending to his own business and not meddling with that of others, and one who enjoyed the respect of those who knew him. F. V. B. Minnich was reared in his native State, secured a fair, practical education from the common schools and when seventeen years old began clerking in a hardware store at Canton, where he remained four years. Then coming to Indiana he became manager of the jobbing department of a wholesale hardware store at Fort Wayne, but in January, 1865, came to Goshen and until the fall of that year clerked for Messrs. Lawrence & Noble. In partnership with his brother, John M., he embarked in merchandising at Princeton, but in January, 1872, purchased his brother's interest and continued the business alone until the spring of 1880. Returning to Goshen the fall of that year he opened a stock of hardware a few doors north of his present location, but the summer of 1882 built the brick block he now occupies, and has ever since conducted the leading hardware trade of Goshen. Originally the stock consisted of about $6,000 worth of hardware exclusively, but now up-stairs, main floor and basement are filled with a carefully selected stock of general hardware and furniture amounting to nearly $25,000, and the average annual sales amount to about $75,000. Practically speaking Mr. Min¬nich has passed his entire life in the hardware trade, and knowing the wants of his customers and having vast advantages over many competitors in buying a first class quality of goods on a cash basis, he has made his business a decided success. Since becoming a resident of Goshen he has identified himself with its material welfare and contributes much to the prosperity of the place. He is a Republican, has served as city councilman, where he was active in securing more and better sidewalks, and he and his family are identified with the Presbyterian Church. To his marriage with Lucy A. Miller, solemnized May 26, 1866, four children have been born: Lizzie, Jessie G., Chauncey F., and Eva L.

JOHN A. SMITH. Elkhart county, Ind., is an Eden of fine farms and agricultural tracts. There are comparatively few very small tracts and each farmer tries to outdo his neighbor in the cultivation and improvement of his land. Of the many fine, attractive places none are more conspicuous than that belonging to our subject and located in York township. He has 286 acres of land practically all under a high state of cultivation, and twenty-four acres of timber. He also has thirty acres of fine pasture and his buildings, fences, etc., indicate to the beholder that a thorough and experienced hand is at the helm. Mr. Smith claims Pennsylvania as his native State and was born in York county on the 29th of June, 1832, to the marriage of John and Margaret (Pentz) Smith, both natives of Pennsylvania. They were of Dutch and German descent respectively, and remained residents of their native State until the fall of 1855, when they moved to Michigan and settled in St. Joseph county. There they resided until the death of the mother in 1864, the father following her to the grave in less than a year afterward. The youthful days of John A. Smith were passed in the Keystone State, and he received such educational advantages as the schools of those days afforded. With the ardor and energy of youth he started out to make his own way in life, and in the fall of 1851 went to Virginia and settled near Winchester, where he resided until the winter of 1852-1853. Returning to Pennsylvania for a short visit, he then decided to move to Michigan, and after reaching that State, settled in St. Joseph county, where he made his home until the spring of 1866. He then came to Indiana and settled on his present farm. Mr. Smith was married in 1854 to Miss Elizabeth Burns, who died in 1855. To this marriage was born, in 1855, a daughter, Mary A., who died at the age of eleven years. He was married in the fall of 1858, in St. Joseph county, Mich., to Miss Emeline Shellenberger, daughter of Tobias and Catherine (Hassinger) Shellenberger, natives of Pennsylvania. Both are now deceased. To Mr. and Mrs. Smith were born the following children: Andrew J., Alice E., Phoebe J., James P. and Sarah A. By appointment Mr. Smith held the office of commissioner on drainage for two years, but resigned to enter upon the duties of county commissioner to which he was elected in 1882 for a term of three years. He has shown his appreciation of secret organizations by becoming a member of the A. F. & A. M. and the I. O. O. F., being a R. A. M. in the former. Politically he is a strong advocate of the principles of the Democratic party and gives it his hearty support. Farming is not his chief calling in life for he is a skillful mechanic and at present is engaged in building bridges, moving buildings, etc. He moved on the farm to rear his family. His eldest son, Andrew J., resides at Hobart, Ind., where he is principal of the schools. In addition he publishes the Hobart Gazette, an Independent newspaper. James P., another son, resides in Lake, Ind., and is principal of the schools at that place. Alice E. married Jacob Madlen, and resides at Goshen, this county. Phoebe J. married Thomas J. Jackson who is superintendent of schools at Constantine, Mich. Sarah A. resides at home.

GEORGE W. RICH. The poet, the author and the artist who have attained distinction in their respective callings and won the plaudits of the world, have usually obtained renown by representing some simple occurrence from the ordinary events of life. The "Angelus," representing two Russian peasants in the attitude of prayer upon hearing the vesper bell, won for the painter both fame and fortune; Powers, the sculptor, is remembered by generations for having faithfully represented in marble the perfect figure of a Greek female slave; Washington Irving's masterpiece was his quaint, legendary story of Rip Van Winkle, which all school children have probably read, and which, reproduced in drama by Joseph Jefferson, obtained for that actor rank and wealth. Such well-known writers as Will Carleton, James Whitcomb Riley, Mary N. Murfree, and hundreds of others are delineators of characters selected from the walks of every day life. Could the true history be told of many individuals who have gone to their graves uncommemorated by brush or pen, a history would be brought to light of such pathos and heroism that would make the deeds of kings and princes dwarf into insignificance in comparison. The life of the poor man, struggling with adversities in order to secure the necessities of life for his family, practicing self-denial in order that loved ones might reap a benefit, never yielding or faltering until the final summons is received, is a history that, if correctly and graphically told, would touch the heart strings of the nation and cause to be erected in the minds of all a monument more enduring than marble. Such, in brief, is the history of John S. Rich, father of the subject of this sketch. A native of the State of New York, he was reared to farm life, married Alzina Willard of the same State, afterward moving to Pennsylvania and in 1844 immigrated westward with his family for the purpose of bettering his surroundings. The family at this time con¬sisted of the husband, wife and two children, and their possessions in worldly goods comprised a span of horses, wagon and a very few household goods. Upon arriving at Elkhart, Ind., Mr. Rich spent three cents, all the money he had, to buy feed. The fall and winter of that year he lived near a brother between Mishawaka and South Bend. During this time he found a piece of land suitable to his means, consisting of forty acres and located in Osolo township, Elkhart county. A log cabin stood on the place, but the owner in abandoning the property had carried away with him the doors, floors, windows and all portable articles, leaving only the log skeleton. For this property he gave one of his horses, the harness and the wagon. The remaining horse was traded for a yoke of oxen. Not having any means with which to buy seed or provisions, Mr. Rich would work around at first, receiving forty cents a day, while Mrs. Rich would spin and weave. Both were frugal and saving and no work was too hard to do if there was a recompense in the end. The accumulation of property was necessarily slow, but sure. Mr. Rich passed his whole life in hard work. Being honest himself, he likewise believed in the honesty of others and because of this sometimes suffered by trickery. This couple was among the better class of Elkhart county's settlers. Mrs. Rich died February 8, 1884, aged sixty-six years, and on April 16, 1892, Mr. Rich died at the age of seventy-eight years. The three children born to their marriage are all living. George W. Rich was born in Erie county, Penn., August 28, 1842, was reared to hard work at farming in Indiana, and his total schooling consisted of three terms' attendance of three months each. August 10, 1862, he enlisted at Elkhart, Ind., in Company G, Seventy-Fourth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, serving until January 25, 1865, when he was honorably discharged on account of close of war. A history of Mr. Rich's military career is briefly this: Rendezvoused at Fort Wayne; in camp of instruction at Indianapolis; went to Louisville and became a part of Buell's army that confronted Bragg; fought at Perryville; was at Crab Orchard and Bowling Green; joined Rosecranz's command and went to Nashville, but was on detached service in pursuit of Morgan during the Stone River campaign; returned to Nashville after the battle of Stone River in time to participate in all the movements of his regiment, which culminated in the battle of Chickamauga. Later he was one of the garrison at Chattanooga that suffered from hunger before being relieved; participated in the battle of Missionary Ridge; was in all the movements of the Atlanta campaign, the march to the sea and up through the Carolinas and ending with the Grand Review at Washington. Returning home, Mr. Rich and brother turned all their energies to farming and by years of hard work succeeded in accumulating considerable lands and means. During this time he taught school winters, was elected and served two terms as township trustee, was chosen township assessor, but in 1880 he was elected county treasurer. He was re-elected to this position, serving two complete terms. Since then Mr. Rich has resided in Goshen and is the present secretary of the Ex-Soldiers' Life Insurance Company and treasurer of a building and loan association. He is a member of the K. of P., is the present commander of the G. A. R. post at Goshen, is a Republican and he and wife are Methodists. For his life helpmate Mr. Rich selected Emma, daughter of Morris Dills, by whom he is the father of one daughter, Elma.

Deb Murray