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THE HAWKS FAMILY. The name of Hawks is well and favorably known all over northern Indiana, for it has been intimately associated with the commercial interests of that section for more than sixty years, and is the synonym of honesty, industry and business integrity. Sturdy Scotch blood flows in the veins of these worthy people, who were early colonial settlers of this country. Cephas and Chloe (Case) Hawks were of Scotch ancestry, and were worthy and exemplary people. The occupation of the former was mainly that of milling, although he was a farmer, trader and speculator. In 1827 many settlers of western New York were attracted to the central portion of Michigan, and in that year Mr. Hawks moved to that State, locating at Ypsilanti, Washtenaw county, which then gave promise of being an important city, as it was a thriving village. Here Mr. Hawks acquired considerable means in buying and selling cattle, in fact, he was a wealthy man when he and his son Cephas visited Indiana on a prospecting tour in 1835, and in the vicinity of Middlebury he purchased a 200-acre tract of land. He was so favorably impressed with Indiana that he moved thither in 1836, and having much faith in the eventual prosperity of Waterford, he invested his means in several lines of business calculated to make that place a prosperous town. He purchased a mill at that point in 1837, and continued the business of milling for some years under the firm name of C. Hawks & Sons, the latter of whom inherited, as well as his grandsons, many of his excellent business characteristics. Mr. and Mrs. Hawks reared six sons and two daughters to manhood and womanhood, only three of whom are living: Cephas, Joel P. and Mrs. Hitchcock. The family was born in the following order: Frank, Albert, Dwight, Cephas, Eleazar, Joel P., Eliza, Calista, Sarah and Mary. Cephas Hawks who was named in honor of his worthy father, was born in Phelps, Ontario Co., N. Y., December 8, 1812, and consequently is now over eighty years of age. Soon after the settlement of the family in the county, Cephas and his brother Eleazar became associated with their father in the milling business, the name of the firm being C. Hawks & Co., and about 1840 they purchased their father's interest in the same, which they successfully operated for many years. His education was acquired in the common schools of New York and Michigan, and was of a practical and useful order. He was trained to a business life by his father, and as he and his brothers were full of life and vim in their young manhood, they were successful in their business affairs, and were among the leaders in the popular sports of those days. In 1855 Cephas and Eleazar opened a hardware business in Goshen, and in 1865 the hardware and dry goods business were joined together, to which a grocery business was added. Three years later the milling business was moved from Waterford to Goshen, and in addition to this, the firm in 1873, began the manufacture of furniture which has since grown to be one of the leading industries in northern Indiana. Their milling business has also increased very much, and is the leading industry of that kind for miles around. They do a custom and general merchant milling business, and their different brands of flour are favorably known to all the merchants and consumers in many counties in northern Indiana. In 1865 P. C. Messick was taken into the firm, its style then being Hawks Bros. & Co. In 1854 Joel P. Hawks, who had just returned from a trip to the then new gold fields of California, was admitted as a partner in the business, and in 1859 the large three-story block on Lincoln avenue, then Market street, was built, and there the Hawkses have done an extensive mercantile business ever since. From the beginning of the Waterford enterprises to the present time the Hawkses have been extensively engaged in the purchase of grain, a great portion of that time being the principal buyers in the county, and at least since the advent in Goshen, until within the last few years, Cephas has been at the head of that branch of the business, and owing to their large transactions, Goshen has held a high position as a grain market. Mr. Hawks was always of a practical turn of mind, was the first to propose the hydraulic canal, and during the early period of its inception advocated it earnestly and persistently; in reality was its chief promoter. After it was finally decided upon and a company organized, he received the contract for its construction, and although it met with some natural opposition, it has without doubt been of incalculable benefit to Goshen. The youthful days of Cephas Hawks were spent in hard labor, and although he had decided to obtain a thorough classical education, he was prevented from so doing by being affected with inflammation of the eyes for several years. The practical education he had previously acquired was increased and broadened by much desultory reading, and by close observation of men and events, and he became one of the best informed business men of the northern part of the State. January 28, 1841, he was united in marriage with Miss Dalinda B. Bliss, who was born in Vermont, March 17, 1817, a daughter of Dr. Ezra Bliss, of Middlebury, Ind., and to their union the following children were given: Calista C., wife of John Gortner of Goshen; Frank E. C., who lives in Goshen and has charge of the grist-mills; Eveline N., who died in childhood; Mary E., married C. N. Hatch and is deceased; Edwin W., who has charge of the furniture manufactory, and Harriet G., who died in childhood. Cephas Hawks was first a Whig, but is now a Republican. Although a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church in early life, he has been a Presbyterian since he came to Goshen, of which his wife, who died October 30, 1892, was also a member. She was well born, of sturdy, godly New England blood. She had a good mind, well trained in the schools of Vermont and Massachusetts. A child of the covenant, she was early converted, and at the age of eighteen years, consecrating her life to God's service, she united with the Presbyterian Church. As a woman, she was modest of her abilities and self-depreciating. She loved flowers and all things beautiful, as well as good books and good people. As a neighbor she was kind and obliging, and very helpful, a friend of the poor and the sick, visiting them in their affliction, bringing al ways a bright face, cheering words and a helping hand. She was a warm-hearted, faithful and sympathizing friend, full of charity, and was active in the services of the church, the prayer meetings, the ladies' prayer circle, and the missionary work with which she maintained an active connection to the end of her life. Eleazar Hawks, brother of Cephas, was born in Phelps, Ontario Co., N. Y., December 24, 1818, and in 1862 was married to Jennie L. Goff, who was born in New York, February 13, 1832. The following children were born to them: Frank W., born October 16, 1864; Grace L., born March 30, 1868, and died May 19, 1891, and a child that died in infancy. Eleazar Hawks died May 26, 1891. Frank W., his eldest son, attended the public schools of Goshen, and in the fall of 1884, entered the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, from which he graduated in 1889, taking the degree of Ph. B. Since his father's death he has taken his place in business, and manages a hardware stock of about $18,000. Joel P. Hawks, another brother of Cephas, was born in Ontario county, N. Y., February 9, 1822, and in 1852 went overland with an ox train to California via the North Pass. He had been in poor health for a number of years, and during his stay of three years on the coast his health was restored, but like the mass who went to that El Dorado he did not make a fortune. He returned home in 1855, via the Isthmus and New Orleans, and soon afterward became associated with his brothers Cephas and Eleazar, the firm being known as C., E. & J. P. Hawks. Since then he has been connected with his brothers in many of their business ventures, and also manages in a successful manner some independent ones. He was married August 8, 1844 to Miss Sarah J. Brown, who was born in Genesse county, N. Y., June 9, 1844. There were born to them two sons: Dwight and Joel P., Jr., and four daughters: Alice and Minnie, deceased; Emma, wife of D. Mayberry, and Mabel. Frank E. C. Hawks, son of Cephas Hawks, was born in the village of Waterford, Ind., in November, 1847, and the rudiments of his education was acquired in a log school house which is still standing, although it has been boarded over so as not to be recognizable, it being replaced by a substantial brick edifice. After a thorough preparation in the common schools, he entered Northwestern University at Evanston, Ill., where he remained until 1864, when he enlisted in the army at the call of President Lincoln for one hundred-day volunteers, and was mustered into the One-Hundred and Thirty-fourth Regiment Illinois Infantry, and after seeing a good deal of camp life without any hard fighting, he was mustered out in the fall of that year. At the age of nineteen he entered the counting room of Hawks Bros. & Co. as head book-keeper, and this very responsible position he filled ably and faithfully for seventeen years. In 1883 he became one of the incorporators of the Goshen Milling Company, and at present he tills the position of secretary and treasurer, and is fourth owner of the plant and business. By virtue of his office he is the business manager of the establishment, and it is in a great measure owing to his push and business tactics that it bas attained the rank of the leading grain buying and flouring concern in Indiana. Edwin W. Hawks, second son of Cephas Hawks; was born in Waterford, Ind., November 9, 1851. After a course in the high schools of Goshen, he went to Evanston, for a time to the university there, returned, and was in the Hawks hardware store for a short time. This position he left, to take charge of the Hawks Furniture Company, in which he was interested. Under his careful management, this has grown to be one of the largest of the kind in the State. Dwight H. Hawks, son of Joel P. Hawks, is one of the most progressive business men of Goshen, and is prominently connected with the drug trade of the county. He is a gentleman in all that the word implies, of integrity unimpeachable, and a pharmacist of wide repute. His establishment is largely patronized and is a popular place of resort. George D., son of an elder brother of Cephas, Frank Hawks, is connected with the milling interests of the Hawkses at Goshen, and is a shrewd man of affairs. William Hawks, son of another brother, Albert, is in the extensive dry goods house of the Hawkses in Goshen, and like all the members of the family, is a practical and successful business man.

�Pictorial and Biographical Memoirs of Elkhart and St. Joseph Counties, Indiana
Together with Biographies of Many Prominent Men of Northern Indiana and the Whole State, Both Living and Dead�
Goodspeed Brothers Publishers, Chicago
1893
John Morris Co. Printers and Binders

MRS. LAURA A. KINDIG, widow of Joseph L. Kindig, is a lady of far more than ordinary executive ability, has become widely known for the push and enterprise she has shown, for her interest in the building up of the town of Goshen, for the deep interest she manifests in the welfare of the Baptist Church, of which she has long been a worthy member and to which she is a most liberal contributor, and for her natural kindness of heart and numerous noble impulses. She is a daughter of Joseph Dickson Knox, one of the earliest settlers of Elkhart county, who was born in Monroe county, W. Va., October 18, 1807, his parents being John L. and Nancy (Dickson) Knox. The remote ancestors were Irish, were United Presbyterians in religious belief, and on account of their religion left their native country and founded a colony in West Virginia. The Knoxes and Dicksons possessed all the sterling qualities that distinguished the Protestant people of North Ireland and Scotland. John L. Knox always pursued the calling of a farmer, and to him and his wife were born a good old-fashioned family of fifteen children, Joseph D. being the second child, and be and a sister are the only members of the family now living. The former was brought up to hard work, and the only education that he secured was obtained by a few weeks' attendance during the winter months in the old time subscription schools. He began serving an apprenticeship at the blacksmith's trade at the age of nineteen years, and, being a natural mechanic, became an expert in the business, but low wages and slave labor led him to seek a permanent location elsewhere. In the summer of 1831 he started for the North on horseback, and in October of the same year landed at Goshen, Ind., where he decided to locate. Here he opened a blacksmith shop and continued to work at his trade for nearly half a century. The ground on which his shop was erected is still in his possession and cost him, originally, $16, and as it was the first piece of real estate which he ever owned, he expects to keep it in his possession during his lifetime. He was a life business man, and by hard work and close economy has become possessed of a well improved farm of 240 acres, near Goshen, besides other valuable property. He was married to Miss Margaret Walker, a native of Ross county, Ohio, and to them were born the following children: Henry (who died in 1845), Laura A. (Mrs. Kindig), Mary F. (Mrs. Hale, an amiable, intelligent and kind-hearted lady, residing in. Goshen), and John G. John G. Knox was born in Goshen November 3, 1847, and was reared and educated in the town of his birth. He began life for himself by working in a jewelry store, which he followed in connection with the hat and cap trade for twelve years. At the end of that time he took an interest in his present business - the manufacture of furniture - making a specialty of elegant extension tables, the firm being known as Nash, Knox & Hubbell. He is a progressive and worthy citizen, and in conducting his business affairs has been very successful. He was married to. Miss Mary P. Widner, on September 6, 1870, and to their union four children have been given: Edwin L., Joseph W., Florence M. and an infant. John G. Knox is a Republican and a member of the Presbyterian Church. His mother died on November 9, 1878, having been a most estimable and exemplary lady, a devoted wife and mother, and an earnest member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Knox, the father, has never identified himself with any of the religious or secret societies, but has always led a moral and exemplary life. He is remarkably well preserved, both mentally and physically, and shows but little the ravages of time. Prior to 1856 he was a Democrat, but since that time he has acted and voted with the Republican party. In all his actions in life he has been noted for his honesty, integrity, freedom from vanity, and for his opposition to ostentation. He is one of the oldest and best known of Elkhart county's early settlers, and in the love and respect of his children and a large circle of friends he is passing a serene old age. His daughter, Laura A., was married in 1857 to Joseph L. Kindig, who was born in York county, Penn., September 21, 1830, his parents being Joseph and Salime Kindig, native Pennsylvanians, who spent their lives on the old homestead in the "Keystone" State. Joseph L. was brought up to a knowledge of farm life, but received a better education than the average youth of his day, for he not only attended the common schools, but was also a student in Litez Academy and York County Academy. He became a resident of Goshen, Ind., in 1854, and the same year engaged in the mercantile business. Being a man of far more than average ability, and possessing keen commercial instincts, his worldly possessions continued to increase, and at the date of his untimely death he left a fine property to his widow. At that time he was engaged quite extensively in the erection of business buildings in the town, and after his death his widow bravely stepped to the helm and began carrying out the work he had so substantially inaugurated. He was public spirited and progressive, keenly alive to his own interests and the good of his section, and, in all probability, did as much as anyone citizen to build up and make the town of Goshen what it is to-day. His loss was deeply felt in the community as well as by his sorrowing widow, who found some solace in carrying out his last wishes. She is a woman of rare executive ability, is far-seeing, prudent and cautious, and in her charities has been the soul of generosity, her contributions to her church being liberal in the extreme and at all times bestowed in a proper and intelligent manner and where they will readily accomplish the desired object. She is interested in all enterprises tending to build up the moral, religions and social condition of her section, and her good works will live long after she has passed away. She bore her husband two children, both of whom are deceased.

DR. JULIUS E. BARBOUR. There are men, and the number is by no means small, who drift into what we are accustomed to look upon as the learned profession in the same way that thousands of men in the lower walks of life drift into the ordinary bread-winning occupations. Having no special preference for any calling, and without feeling that they have any particular fitness for a certain profession, they find themselves drifting in that direction as a result of associations or environment, and in the course of time they find themselves shouldering responsibilities for which they have scant liking, carrying burdens which rest heavily upon them, and laboring in a field which has for them no attraction other than what it yields in the way of annual incomes. The prominent physician whose name heads this sketch impresses even those who meet him in a casual way as a man who has drifted easily and naturally into the medical profession, who realizes he has made no mistake in the choice of his vocation, and feels thoroughly at home in the position which he occupies. This first impression deepens with a more intimate acquaintance, and familiarity with his life leads to the unbiased and impartial view that the unusual success he has achieved is the logical sequence of talent rightly used, together with energy and industry never misapplied. The Doctor has practiced his profession in Elkhart county, and has been a resident of the town of Bristol for the past sixteen years. He owes his nativity to Michigan, his birth occurring October 28, 1849, and is one in a family of six children, three sons and three daughters (there being two sets of twins in this number), born to the marriage of Loren A. and Elizabeth (Arnold) Barbour, natives of New York State. When young the father and. mother emigrated with their respective families to Michigan, and were among the very first settlers. The grandfather of Loren A. Barbour was a native of England. The great-grandfather was an English gentleman and was a manufacturer of cloth goods. His son, settling early in New York, was the progenitor of this family. He died in New York State, leaving a large family of children. Among them was Harry Barbour, who married Miss Polly Gillespie, of Irish descent. About the year 1821 this young couple emigrated to Michigan, and as that State was then almost a complete wilderness, they experienced all the hardships and privations of pioneer settlers. Mr. Barbour bought a large tract of land near and on the present site of Romeo, which he farmed the greater part of his life, and here reared a large family of children. He and wife lived to be quite aged people, nearly one hundred years old, and were universally esteemed. The wife of Loren A. Barbour was a sister of the Rev. J. M. Arnold, who founded the "Michigan Christian Advocate," of Detroit, and also a sister of William Arnold. This family is well known throughout Michigan. In 1855 Loren A. Barbour passed away. He was one of the first daguerreotype artists in Michigan, which he followed to a considerable extent. He was also a storekeeper, and early in life tilled the soil. His death left a widow and six children. The former survived him until 1889, when she died at Minneapolis. She lies buried with her people and by the side of her husband at Mt. Vernon, Mich. The names of the children born to this worthy couple are as follows: Joseph H. and Josephine (twins), Mary A., Julius E. and Julia P. (twins), and Loren A. The first named is a banker at San Diego, Cal., and is a prominent man in that State; the second is the wife of F. H. Revell, a publisher of Chicago; the third named is single and resides at San Jose, Cal., and is a well-known writer and lecturer on the subject of temperance; Julia P. is the wife Of Dr. H. W. Brazie, of Minneapolis, who formerly practiced medicine at Bristol; Loren A., a chemist of Chicago. At the early age of six years Dr. J. E. Barbour was left without a father. With his uncle, William Arnold, he went to La Peer county, Mich., at that age. The country was then an almost unbroken wilderness, and there he finished his growth amid his rude surroundings and experienced the trials incident to early settlers. Indians were more plentiful than whites, and schools and churches were unknown. After remaining there until twelve years of age he returned to Romeo and worked at farming until the breaking out of the Rebellion. Just at the age when children should be in the school-room and under the protecting care of parents, young Barbour's patriotism manifested itself. In November, 1862, he enlisted as a private in Company A, Ninth Michigan Volunteer Infantry at Coldwater. They were ordered to Louisville, Ky., and from there to re-enforce Gen. Thomas at Nashville. Their first actual war experience was at the battle of Stone River, where Company A lost nearly one half of its number as prisoners. Young Barbour was not among the number. He continued on with his regiment to Chattanooga, participating in all its encounters, and at last took part in the great battle of Missionary Ridge. After remaining cooped up at Chattanooga and being nearly starved to death they were finally re-enforced, and then continued on that world-famed campaign to Atlanta, during which the battles of Buzzard Roost, Kenesaw Mountain, etc., and the siege of Atlanta occurred. Upon the reduction of Atlanta, Mr. Barbour's regiment was ordered back to check Hood's threatened invasion of the North. Participating in the battles of Franklin and Nashville, the military career of the boys in blue closed. Mr. Barbour was honorably discharged at Jackson, Mich., in the fall of 1865. Immediately after this he took a preparatory course of schooling at Pontiac, to fit himself for the higher school of medicine. Then taking a course of lectures in the Homeopathic School (Detroit Homeopathic College), he took his second term of lectures in the regular school of medicine of the University of Michigan. The following year he entered the Cleveland, Ohio, Homeopathic Hospital College, from which he graduated February 14, 1874. Coming direct to Bristol he located and has ever since lived and practiced medicine here. His first six years' practice was in partnership with his brother-in-law, Dr. Brazie, but since then he has practiced alone. Dr. Barbour was married in 1879 to Miss Emma A. Rheinehart, who was one of a family of fourteen children, ten daughters and two sons living to mature years. To Dr. and Mrs. Barbour have been born three children: Harry A., Mabel E. and William H. He and wife and children are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a Republican in politics and has held the office of county controller, township trustee, etc. Socially he is a member of the G. A. R., the I. O. O. F., the A. F. & A. M., K. P. and the order of Chosen Friends. From the beginning of his medical career Dr. Barbour has had an extensive practice which steadily increased, reaching all over the surrounding county. Being a thorough student of chemistry, as well as a physician, he compounded a number of remedies which attained a wide sale and reputation. In fact his practice as a physician and his manufacturing interests as a chemist, became so extensive and commanded so much of his attention that his health failed under the strain, and at one time his life was despaired of. Upon recovery it was necessary that he abandon such hard work, which he accordingly did. His attention now is almost wholly engaged by his practice as a physician.

JOHN S. JUDAY. Among the old, intelligent and representative families of this part of Indiana is the one of which our subject is a descendant, and in tracing back the genealogy of the family we find that the ancestors came originally from England. John Judav and his wife Catherine were born on British soil about the middle of the eighteenth century, and about the year 1771 came to America and settled in New England. Their son Henry was born in Washington county, Md., May 15, 1772, and about 1800 the latter married Elizabeth Delkert, who was born in Rockingham county, Va., May 28, 1782. After marriage they resided in Greenbrier county, W. Va., and there three children were born: a daughter, Catherine, and two sons, John and David. In 1810 they left the Old Dominion and settled in Preble county, Ohio, where five more children were born: Solomon, Jacob, Sarah, Balser and Adam. The father and mother with their children, John, David, Balser and Adam, moved from Ohio to Elkhart county, Ind., in October, 1836, and the father died in this county May 11, 1849, when seventy-six years, eleven months and twenty-six days old. The mother died in the same county on September 15, 1846, aged sixty-four years, three months and seventeen days. The following is the record of the eight children residing in this county: Catherine was born in Greenbrier county, W. Va., April 21, 1802; married Michael Ott in Preble county, Ohio, about the year 1823, and the following year moved to Elkhart county, Ind., where her death occurred on June 23, 1863, at the age of sixty-one years two months and two days. To her marriage were born eight children: Elizabeth, Abraham, William, Susanna, Sarah, Daniel, Mahala and an infant. John Juday was born in Greenbrier county, W. Va., November 18, 1805, and married Susanna Rookstool in Preble county, Ohio, December 23, 1832. He and his wife moved to Elkhart county, Ind., in October, 1836, and his death occurred in Syracuse, Kosciusko county, May 19, 1887, when eighty-one years six months and one day old. Ten children were born to them as follows: Henry, Alfred, Elizabeth, John, Adam, George, Amanda, Thomas, Benjamin and Samuel. The father of these children settled in the woods of Benton township and cleared up a farm of 200 acres. He was a member of the United Brethren Church, and a most worthy citizen. Solomon was born in Preble county, Ohio, August 9, 1810, and was married in the same county to Miss Elizabeth Grisson January 1, 1829. They moved to Elkhart county, Ind., and he died in that county August 9, 1880, when seventy years of age. To his marriage were born these children: Sarah, John, Mary A., Milton, Adam, Rebecca, Catherine, Susanna, Louis, Emma and James. Jacob Juday was born in Preble county, Ohio, May 14, 1812, and was married in the same county about 1835 to Miss Mary A. Rex. He moved to Elkhart county, Ind., in June, 1838, and died in that county June 28, 1863, when aged fifty-one years one month and fourteen days. Nine children were born to them, viz.: Elizabeth, Nancy, Catherine, John, Franklin, Delilah. Nathaniel, an infant son, and Isabella. Sarah Juday was born in Preble county May 15, 1815, and was married in the same county to John Wentz in 1835. In 1866 she and her husband moved to Elkhart county, and there her death occurred on February 27, 1882, aged sixty-six years nine months and twelve days. To them were born seven children: Henry, Catherine, Sarah, Jacob, Elizabeth, Mary and Martha. Balser Juday was born in Preble county, June 23, 1818, and moved to Elkhart county, Ind., with his parents in October, 1836. He married Miss Anna Price, April, 1843, and his second marriage was to Miss Elizabeth Helsel in 1848. His death occurred in Elkhart county, Ind., March 14, 1883, aged sixty-four years eight months and twenty-one days. He was the father of twelve children: Matilda, Henry, Nelson, Jane, Ellen, James, Thomas, Ira, John, Amanda, Chauncy and Ida. Adam Juday was born in Preble county October 3, 1823, and moved with his parents to Elkhart county, Ind., in October, 1836. He was married to Miss Magdalina Ebert June 28, 1848, and to them were born ten children: Vandaline, Marion, Noah, Sabina, Ellen, Alice, Emma, Wesley, Alonzo and Milton. Solomon Juday, son of Henry Juday, and father of our subject, was born in Virginia and moved to Ohio at an early day, settling with his father in Preble county. He married Miss Elizabeth Grisson, and the children born to this union are mentioned above. For six or seven years after marriage Solomon Juday resided in Ohio, but he came to Elkhart county, Ind., in the fall of 1835 and settled in Benton township. He cleared up a good farm of nearly 182 acres, and at one time owned 260 acres. However, he sold eighty acres of this, but still had a fine farm left. He was one of the most esteemed citizens of the county, and no man stood better in the estimation of all. His son, John S. Juday, subject of this sketch, was born on a farm in Preble county, Ohio, January 20, 1831, and was brought to Indiana when a child of five years. As a consequence nearly all his recollections are of Elkhart county, and he has known no other home. He attended the old log school-house in the district, and while young killed many deer on the land now farmed by himself and neighbors. When twenty-five years of age he married Miss Levina Finley, daughter of Orrin Finley, who was a native Vermonter and who settled in La Salle county, Ill. Two children were born to this union: Dora M., who died at the age of two years, and James O. John S. Juday worked in La Salle county, Ill., two years and then made a settlement in Elkhart county, Ind. His wife died three years after marriage, and Mr. Juday's second marriage was to Miss Sarah A. Peoples, daughter of Francis and Mary Peoples. Two children blessed this union: Salena A. and Minnie A. Our subject bought his present farm in 1868 and settled on it in 1870. It then consisted of forty acres, and to this he has since added eighty acres and now has 120 acres of good farming land. He has a good brick residence, substantial barn, and everything about the place indicates a progressive and prosperous owner. He is a public-spirited man, has taken an active interest in having good schools in his community, and is a member of the school board. His children are all well educated. His son, James O., is a farmer in La Salle county, Ill. He is married and has two children. William Peoples, grandfather of Mrs. Juday, was born in Pennsylvania, where he followed farming and where he married a Bohan. Six children were given them. Eliza, Hannah, Francis, John and William are remembered. Mr. Peoples passed away in his native State. His son Francis, father of Mrs. Juday, was born in Lancaster county, Penn., December 9, 1813, and like most of his ancestors before him was a farmer. He went to Ohio when a young man, or in 1835, and married Miss Mary Kindig, who was also a native of Lancaster county, Penn., born March 11,1816, and the daughter of Henry and Madaline (Leslie) Kindig, both of whom were originally from Lancaster county, Penn., but early settlers of Montgomery county, Ohio. To Mr. and Mrs. Peoples were born seven children: Henry, Sarah A., Selina (died in infancy), William E., John F., Ann M. and Aldis A., all natives of Montgomery county, Ohio. In 1859 Mr. Peoples came to Indiana and settled on the farm where his widow now resides. There his death occurred April 17, 1891. He was a worthy and honored citizen. Both Mr. and Mrs. Peoples were baptized in the German Baptist Church August 17, 1862. Mrs. Peoples is still living and is quite advanced in years.

SAMUEL B. ROMAINE (deceased) was one of the pioneers of Elkhart county, Ind., and a man whose name was familiarly known at Bristol as well as in the whole county. He stood deservedly high as a citizen and neighbor and was an honorable, upright gentleman whose memory is revered and respected. He was born in the city of New York June 3, 1808, and his father, Jacob Romaine, was a teacher in the schools of that city for over forty years. Until the age of thirteen years young Romaine was under the direct tutelage of his father, but at that time he entered the employ of a boot and shoe house in his native city, and a year later was indentured as an apprentice to serve six years at the tailor's trade. After five years he bought his sixth year and when twenty years of age went to South Carolina to occupy the position of foreman in a large clothing store. Returning to New York at the end of six months he clerked for a brief period and shortly after attaining his majority located on Nantucket Island. Here he embarked in merchant tailoring on his own responsibility. In 1836 he emigrated westward for the purpose of bettering his condition in that rapidly growing country, and in the fall and winter of that year he was at Bristol and Mishawaka, Ind. Subsequently returning east he bought a stock of goods and moved to Bristol, where he embarked in merchandising. He was ever afterward identified with the prosperity and welfare of Bristol and Elkhart counties and was deeply interested in public affairs. He was enterprising and progressive, and because of his high sense of honor and accommodating disposition was universally respected. He became one of the organizers and heaviest stockholders in the First National Bank, at Elkhart; conducted insurance in connection with his other varied business interests; was the United States express agent; took a very active part in the project to develop the water power of the St. Joseph River at Bristol, which eventually will be utilized; was a principal stockholder and treasurer of the Nonpareil Mills and Bristol Manufacturing Company, and in time became a man of considerable wealth. He was twice married, first in September 1832, to Miss Eliza M. Coffin, of Nantucket Island, who bore him one son, Alfred. This son was clerk on a steamboat in Matagorda Bay, Tex., and was there drowned during one of the terrible simoons that swept that port. Mrs. Romaine died in the Lone Star State, whither she had gone for her health. In 1860 Mrs. Cornelia Lee became his second wife and to this union one son was born, Samuel B., who married Miss Sadie Cook, of Mottville, Mich., and now resides in Sheboygan, that State. Mr. Romaine passed away on April 19, 1878, and in his death the county lost one of its most useful and time-honored citizens. Mrs. Romaine's previous marriage had been to Joseph W. Lee, who was a cabinet-maker in Bristol for a number of years. He was a native of England and came with his parents to Canada early in the present century; from there he came to Bristol. Ind., about the year 1842 and began working at his trade. In 1844 he wedded Miss Cornelia F. Alverson, one in a family of four sons and three daughters, born to William W. and Helen (Brace) Alverson. Both parents were natives of Oneida county, N. Y., and came to Elkhart county, Ind., about the year 1838. Five children were born to Mr. Lee's marriage, only two of whom are living: Nora M., resides at Elkhart and is the widow of Byron E. Merritt; and Alice M. makes her home in Elkhart and is the wife of E. R. Kerstetter. Mr. Lee moved to Chicago, where he was for a number of years engaged in the commission business, but returning to Bristol for the purpose of settling up his affairs, he was attacked by a malignant form of typhoid fever and died in 1867.

JACOB F. OTT. It is always a pleasure to deal with the history of one who is a member of one of those grand old families who have for generations been distinguished for patriotism, the genuine spirit of Christianity, and the strong characteristics which have made them prominent wherever they have settled. Jacob F. Ott is one of the original pioneers of Benton township, Elkhart Co., Ind., and is descended from an old and prominent Virginia family. His grandfather, Francis Ott, was a native of that grand old State, Virginia, but at an early date settled in Pennsylvania where he passed the closing scenes of his life. His son, Frederick Ott, father of our subject, was born in Virginia and married there. Soon afterward he and his wife moved to Preble county, Ohio, and made the journey on foot, their limited household effects being carried by a pack-horse. They settled in the thick woods and were among the very first settlers of that county. A hard struggle was before them, but both had excellent health and they were determined to succeed. They were obliged to go sixty miles, to Cincinnati, to mill and market, and had to cut their own way through the dense timber. They made their own clothing and lived in a simple and primitive way. Mr. Ott was a great hunter and every fall and winter he kil1ed.from forty to fifty deer. Thus their table was abundantly supplied with meat, and the skins served as clothing and shoes. Mr. Ott had no education but was an American pioneer backwoodsman. He reared a large family with the expenditure of very little money, relying on what he could raise, and the gun for support. His settlement was about twenty miles west of Dayton, near Lewisburg, Preble Co., Ohio, and he was one of the first men to settle in that county. The ancestors of the Hepners and the Judays were also pioneers in the same county. Jacob F. Ott, our subject, was born on his father's farm in Preble county, Ohio, in November, 1822, and as the old log school-houses of pioneer days were few and far between at that time, he received no education. His father died in August, 1840, and after a sale of the effects, our subject with his brother Samuel, and his brother-in-law, Peter Dan, went to Elkhart county, Ind., where his uncle Jacob and his eldest brother John had settled. James F. Ott was then between seventeen and eighteen years of age. They made the journey with a two-horse team, two of them walking all the way as they had a large load. The journey occupied seven days, and after their arrival our subject began working by the day clearing land and made his home with his brother Samuel. He received but 45 cents a day for severe labor although he was strong and accustomed to hard work and very skillful with the ax. But money was very scarce and every thing high priced. Muslin was 25 cents per yard, home-made jeans $1.25 per yard, and a good suit of clothing cost $35. Frequently Mr. Ott would work all day for a bushel of wheat, and then shock wheat in the evening. On February 2, 1845, Mr. Ott was married to Miss Margaret Gordy, daughter of William and Jane (Stuard) Gordy. Mr. Gordy was born in Delaware and was of English descent, his ancestors coming to this country at an early date. He was married in his native State, but subsequently moved to Pickaway county, Ohio, where he cleared and made a good farm. He was the father of seven children, all born in Pickaway county, Ohio, and named as follows: John, Margaret, Elizabeth, William, Nancy, Christopher and David. William Gordy came to Benton township, Elkhart Co., Ind., about 1852, cleared a good farm of 160 acres and made a good home. He was a hard-working, industrious man and lived to be fifty-five years of age. After marriage Jacob F. Ott settled on land in Benton township and still carries on the farm. He first purchased 120 acres in the woods, and by hard labor and great industry cleared up a good farm. Since then he has added to this until he is now the owner of 200 acres of fine farming land. He has made excellent improvements and built a substantial house and barn. His success in life is due to his indomitable energy and perseverance, and to his honorable and upright methods of conducting his affairs. He is held in high estimation in the county and his word is as good as his bond. In politics he is a strong Republican, and during the war he was a strict Union man. His marriage resulted in the birth of seven children: John W., Paulina J., Jasper, Tiglman, Julia, James and Elmer, all born on the old homestead. Mr. and Mrs. Ott hold membership in the Evangelical Church, and Mr. Ott was trustee and class-leader. His son John W. married Miss Amanda Fry and they have two children (he is now a farmer of Benton township); Pauline, married William Tully, a farmer of Benton township, and they have four children; Jasper married Sarah Ott, who bore him three children, and he is now engaged in Noble county, Ind.; Tiglman, married Susannah Allwine, and they have four children (they now reside in Oregon); James, married Sarah Landis and they reside on the home place (they have one child); Elmer married Miss Etta Landers and is also on the home farm; Julia S. is at home.

JACOB H. DELL, a native of Elkhart county, Ind., was born in the township of Elkhart in 1844, a son of Jacob and Mary (Cripe) Dell, the former of whom was born on Pennsylvania soil in 1819, his father being John Dell, who was among the early pioneers of Elkhart county, Ind., settling in this region about 1835. He settled on a heavily timbered farm in Elkhart township, four miles southwest of Goshen, where he lived for many years and died at an advanced age. Prior to com�ing to this section he resided for a short time in Ohio, but was married in Pennsylvania to Mary Shaup, and together they reared a family of eight children: Catherine, Levi, Jacob, Elizabeth, John, Mary, Barbara and Samuel, all of whom attained manhood and womanhood, three being alive at the present time: Jacob, Mary (wife of William Kinzie), and Barbara (widow of Mr. Harvard, is living in Nappanee). Those who are dead reared families of their own, and the Dells in this part of the country sprang from John Dell, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch. The paternal great-great-grandfather came from Ireland. John Dell died in 1858 or 1859, having been a prominent man in political affairs and a well-to-do tiller of the soil, although his pioneer days were marked with hardships and privations. He supported Democratic principles, and was a member of the German Baptist Church. His wife, who died in 1884, was a life-long member of the German Baptist Church. Jacob, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Pennsylvania, and was a boy when the trip was made from his native State to Ohio. He learned the carpenter's trade in the Buckeye State, and after coming to Indiana this business occu�pied his attention for many years. At the age of twenty-four he was married to Miss Mary Cripe, daughter of Jacob Cripe and his wife Catherine. Mary was born in Ohio, and was but nine years of age when her parents brought her to this section, the principal part of her education being obtained in the district schools here. Jacob Dell and his wife lived on a farm west of Goshen till 1854, at the same time following his trade of carpenter, then purchased a farm in the woods of Olive township, where he cleared a small tract of land and built thereon a log house. Six of the nine children born to himself and wife are still living, their names being as follows: Jacob H.; Nancy, who is the wife of Daliem Culp, of Nappanee; William, who resides with his father and mother in Olive township; Mary, who is the wife of J. Roose, of Harrison township; Solomon; Catherine, who is the wife of David H. Mayer, of Olive township. John died when young; Samuel died at the age of eight years, and a little daughter died in. infancy. The father of these children is now seventy-six years of age and the mother seventy-three, and are now enjoying a vigorous old age in the vicinity of Wakarusa. They have a good property, which has been earned by their own toil, and in the love and respect of their children and many friends they are happy and content. The father was first a Whig, but is now a Republican in politics, and he has always considered it a duty as well as a great pleasure to keep well posted on the current topics of the day. He has always been a public-spirited citizen and a credit to the county. Since 1854 he has followed farming until he retired in 1880. His children are also well to do, and are highly esteemed residents of the county. His wife was nine years old when her parents came to this county, and her people were almost the first white people to locate in the county, the date of their location being 1829. They had come thither from Ohio, but were natives of Pennsylvania. Jacob Cripe, the father, was a son of Jacob Cripe, who died in 1865 at the age of ninety-eight years, having been a soldier in the War of 1812. Mary, the mother of the subject of this sketch, was one of a family of five children: Henry, Samuel, Mary, Catherine, and Lizzie, who died when young. Catherine Cripe, the maternal grandmother of Mr. Dell, died when her daughter Mary was five years of age, and her husband subsequently married her sister Mary, by whom he had two children, John and Nancy. The grandfather, Jacob Cripe, died in 1856. At the time Jacob H. Dell became a resident of this county, he was nine years of age, and well remembers many events that happened in those days. Jacob H. Dell, the subject of this sketch, was born in Elkhart township, about one mile from Goshen, and attended the early schools of the county, and, like the majority of farmers' boys, assisted his father on the farm. He never attended school after he was thirteen years of age, but the practical and busy life he has led has made him a well-informed man. At the age of twenty-two years he began doing for himself, and being the owner of a small farm began tilling it, but when about twenty-five years of age he began saw-milling near Wakarusa, and remained in that business for about fourteen years. He then sold the mill and returned to farming, carrying on this business one mile east of Wakarusa until 1892, when he again moved to the town and resumed saw-milling, becoming a member of the Wakarusa Lumber Company. They have a finely equipped saw and planning-mill, and make a specialty of fine building lumber. The company is composed of five good business men: Fred Trisinger. Anthony, Henry J. and John Smeltzer, and the subject of this sketch. The capacity of the mill is from 10,000 to 14,000 feet per day. This business has proved a paying one to all the stockholders, and has been the means of greatly increasing the business enterprise of the town. In politics Mr. Dell is a Republican, and is interested in both local and national politics. At the present time he is trustee of Olive township, a position he has held since 1890, and he has always been a man of great public spirit and enterprise, and has shown a determination to push to a successful issue everything that he undertakes. The cause of education has received considerable patronage at his hands, and he is a firm believer in the public-school system. He is one of the prominent men of his section, in every respect is self made, and has succeeded in accumulating a considerable amount of worldly goods. In 1865 he was united in marriage to Barbara Pletcher, a daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth (Reed) Pletcher, the former of whom was a Pennsylvanian, and a son of Jacob and Barbara (Nestlerode) Pletcher. Samuel was one year old when taken to Ohio, and in 1852 became a resident of Elkhart county, Ind., and until seventy-three years of age resided in the vicinity of Wakarusa. At that time his death occurred (1892). He became well to do, and on his farm of 160 acres he reared six children and lost one. His wife, Elizabeth Reed, was a daughter of David Reed and Elizabeth (Pletcher) Reed. They were early pioneers of Ohio, and there they passed from life. Samuel Pletcher was a mil1er of Ohio for some time, but farmed after coming to Indiana. His wife died in Olive township in 1865, at the age of fifty years. She was the mother of seven children: Mariah, who is dead; Julia, the deceased wife of M. B. Culp; Barbara; Elizabeth, who died when young; Andrew, who lives on his farm in Olive township; Lewis, also a resident of Olive township; Nancy, wife of Rufus Perry, of South Bend, Ind. This family on the Pletcher side are of German descent, and on the Reed side English and Irish. Mrs. Dell was born in Ohio, November 20, 1846, and has borne her husband eight children, three of whom are living: William, born October 29, 1874; Rasie, born December 21, 1878, and Hattie, born July 19, 1884. The other children died in infancy.

PROF. EUGENE F. LOHR, principal of the high school of South Bend, Ind., has developed the highest qualities as a teacher, his enthusiasm in his work, his hearty conviction, together with attractive methods of tuition, having combined to make him one of the most successful high-school conductors in a State noted for its good schools. In fact, his versatility is found to include the rare gift of imparting knowledge in an original and attractive manner, hence his success. He was born in Washtenaw county, Mich., near Ann Arbor, in 1859, his parents, Philip and Mary (Bach) Lohr, having been born in Germany, the former near Strassburg in May, 1820. Philip was a son of John Lohr, who came to the United States about 1836 and located at Wayne, Mich., where he died in 1874, at the age of eighty-six years. He was an extensive real-estate dealer when in Germany, and was a cavalry officer in the German army. His son, Philip, now resides in Ann Arbor, Mich., a retired farmer. Mary (Bach) Lohr was born in Germany, and when three years of age was brought to the United States by her parents and with them first resided for a few years in the city of Philadelphia, after which they took up their residence in Washtenaw county, Mich., where the father died in 1866 and the mother one year later. Eugene F. Lohr was the seventh child in a family of six sons and three daughters, and in the vicinity of Ann Arbor he was reared, in the common schools of which section he received his initiatory training. Succeeding this he fitted himself for a University course in the Ann Arbor High School. Upon finishing his course there, he entered the noted western institution of learning, the University of Michigan, and after attending one term, taught a district school for six months in order to obtain means to continue his pursuit of knowledge. The school-house in which he "wielded the ferule" was of the old-fashioned kind, with benches an around the room, and the stove, which was supposed to furnish heat to the room, although it first boasted the proud possession of three legs, eventually lost one and in its stead two bricks were used. In 1884 he came to South Bend and accepted a position as instructor in German and Latin in the city high school, which he held until 1890 when, upon the resignation of Charles H. Bartlett as principal of the high school, he was appointed in his stead and has discharged the duties of this responsible office to the general satisfaction of al1 concerned. During his vacations he has made two trips to Europe, thus gaining a practical knowledge of the ways of the Old World, which has been of great use to him in his profession. Besides having a thorough knowledge of the English and German languages, he has spent two of his vacations at Oswego studying French and Spanish. On June 20, 1892, he was united in marriage to Miss Blanche Snyder, a popular young lady of South Bend, who was born in New York, a daughter of A. H. and Julia (Stowell) Snyder, both of whom were born in New York State and came to South Bend in 1882, where they are still residing. Mr. Snyder is one of the leading druggists of the city. Prof. and Mrs. Lohr are members of the Presbyterian Church. He is in every respect a self-made man, is one of nature's noblemen and is in the enjoyment of a large circle of friends.

GEORGE W. ZINN. The Zinn family comes of sturdy German stock, and those of that name in this country are supposed to have descended from two brothers who crossed the Atlantic ocean prior to the opening of the war of the Revolution, to seek a home for themselves on a foreign shore and in a strange and new country. The great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch was one of these young men and upon reaching this country he settled at Hagerstown, Md., where he married and reared a large family of children. The other brother went to the State of New York where he married, and many of his descendants are now in that State and in Pennsylvania. One of the sons of the Maryland Zinns married and moved with his family to Preston county, W. Va., where the remainder of his days were spent, dying at a ripe old age, and leaving behind him a large and highly respected family of children. One of these children was George, the father of George W. Zinn. He was a tailor by trade and later in life worked at carpentering and farming. in which line of work he met with fair success. Upon reaching man's estate he was married to Miss Elizabeth Powell, a native of Virginia, and to them a family of eleven children was given, of whom George W. was the youngest member. Later in life he took for his second wife a Miss Inlow, who bore him three children. In the early settlement of Central Ohio he moved thither and made a location in what is now Knox county, and he it was that erected the first house in the now flourishing little city of Mt. Vernon, but a few years later he moved to the vicinity of Columbus and from there to Clark county of the same State, where he arrived at a serene old age, but passed to his reward at the home of his son George W., in Indiana at the age of seventy-eight years. In his political proclivities he was an old line Whig and a man well posted on religious and historical subjects, and public spirited in every respect. He was a pioneer of two States and a man who took an important part in the affairs of each. George W. Zinn received such advantages as is usually given the farmer's boy, that is, he was thoroughly drilled in the mysteries of farming from the first and received such early education as the district schools of his vicinity afforded. When about nineteen years of age he left his home in Ohio and went with a married sister by wagon to Knox county, Ill., about the year 1836, in which State he remained one year. He came to Elkhart county, Ind., at the end of this time to visit another married sister, Mrs. John Pittman, riding an Indian pony to this section. His intention was to return to Illinois after a short visit, but instead of doing so Elkhart county has continued to remain his home up to the present time. The first few years of his residence here he worked as a farm hand and later as a brickmaker, by which means he secured a start, although he never received over $13 per month for his services. Out of this small compensation he clothed and fed himself and also contrived to save a small amount each month, with which he purchased a small tract of land. He disposed of this property after a short time and after making a number of changes located on the farm which he still owns in Jackson township, which comprises 200 acres of finely improved land, not only so far as cultivation is concerned, but also in the way of buildings, fences, etc. In addition to this he owns a pleasant and comfortable home in Goshen. On March 17, 1842, he led to the altar Miss Elizabeth Myers, who was born in Preble county, Ohio, July 26, 1821, her husband's birth occurring September 5, 1819, near Columbus, Franklin Co., Ohio. When an infant he was taken by his parents to Clarke county, that State, and there he attained manhood. To Mr. and Mrs. Zinn six children were given: Eli M., who died in his seventeenth year; Mary Jane, wife of H. N. Hopkins, a resident of Garnett, Kan.; Arvilla Z., who married Samuel Vail (who died some years after their marriage), and makes her home with the subject of this sketch; Milo C. died in childhood; Ida May also died when a child; Frank Hamlin is a successful dentist of Chicago. These children and Mr. Zinn were called upon to mourn the death of the wife and mother March 20, 1884. She was one of the noble, Christian women of her community, was an earnest member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and had the respect of all who knew her. A few years after his wife's death Mr. Zinn rented his farm and moved to Goshen, where he now resides. Mr. Zinn has been a life-long Whig and Republican and has held the office of county commissioner, in which he discharged his duties in a very acceptable manner and to the satisfaction of all those interested. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in all ways is a most worthy citizen. He has been an omnivorous reader and is well posted on current topics and matters in general and his ideas of business are shrewd and far-seeing and of a decidedly practical nature. Mr. Zinn's parents, Christian and Elizabeth (Nation) Myers, were natives of North Carolina, but moved to Tennessee in the early part of the present century and from there to Preble county, Ohio, in 1811. In 1828 they came to Elkhart county, locating on Elkhart Prairie, where they brought up a large and honorable family of children, many of whom moved to Iowa and were early settlers of that State. Two of the sons were well known in this county. Joseph held the office of county commissioner and justice of the peace and was afterward a land commissioner of Iowa. The Myerses were pioneer settlers of four States and the Zinns of three.

Deb Murray