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DAVID A. IRELAND. The American people not only travel more extensively than any other nation, but they patronize to a greater extent the numerous establishments for the hire of horses and carriages. There are few enterprises which contribute a larger quota to the convenience of the residential and transient public than the well appointed livery stable, and one of the most prominent in the city of South Bend is that conducted by the firm of Ireland & Son. This firm carries a large assortment of carriages, buggies, phaetons, etc., in the newest and most fashionable styles, and these are constantly on band for the use of the general public. These gentlemen have become widely known and respected and thoroughly understand every phase of the business. David A. Ireland was born in New Paris, Preble Co., Ohio, October 15, 1827, and is a son of John F. and Jane L. (Ferguson) Ireland, both of Scotch descent. The father was born in Bourbon county, Ky., in 1801, and when fifteen years of age entered the State of Ohio and settled in Preble county, where he was one of the early pioneers. He followed the occupation of a farmer, was fairly successful in this, and was a man universally respected. He held the office of justice of the peace and was also county commissioner of Preble county for some time. For many years a Whig, he at last became a stanch supporter of Republican principles and continued in sympathy with the same until his death, which occurred on the farm where he had first settled. The mother was a native of the Blue Grass State and died in Preble county, Ohio, about 1842. The subject of this sketch is the eldest of eight children, three of whom are living. The country schools afforded him a fair education, and when the time came for him to decide on some calling in life, it was but natural perhaps that he should choose the one to which he had been reared, farming. He continued to till the soil in Preble county until 1873, when he came to South Bend and since then he has been actively engaged in the livery business. The firm of Ireland & Son is well known and its members are affable and courteous caterers to the pleasure-loving and business sections of society, and are undeviatingly upright in all their dealings. They have one of the best equipped and best appointed livery barns in the city, and are thoroughgoing, enterprising business men. Mr. Ireland espoused the cause of the Northern States and in 1862 enlisted in Company C, Fiftieth Ohio Voluntary Infantry, entering the ranks as first lieutenant. Ten months later he was promoted to captain at Muldrose Hill, Ky., served two years, and was in many of the prominent engagements. He participated in the battles of Perryville, Kenesaw Mountain, and many minor engagements. His discharge was received at Atlanta, on the field, in 1864, and he then returned to Preble county, Ohio, where he remained until 1873. He was married in 1846 to Miss Mary A. Cail, who died in Henry county, Ill., in July, 1867, where he had moved for her health by the advice of physicians. After living there one year he had to move back as the climate was unfavorable to his children's health. Five children were the fruits of this union: Warren C., John F., David M., Edgar A. and Mary R. Warren C. was born in Randolph county, Ind., in July, 1847, and is now in business with his father. Mr. Ireland was married again in December, 1858, and selected his wife in the person of Miss Rebecca A. Cail, a sister of his first wife, and a native of Preble county, Ohio. The Cail family came originally from Virginia and were early settlers of Preble county, Ohio. His second wife was Nancy McCawslin, of Cain Ridge, Ky. To the second marriage one child was born, T. O. D. Ireland. In politics Mr. Ireland is a Republican and a member of the G. A. R. He has been a member of the Christian Church for many years and is one of the excellent men of the city. Warren C. is a member of the South Bend Commandery, No. 13, K. T., and was made an Odd Fellow in August, 1868, South Bend Lodge, No. 29. While subject resided in Ohio he was occupied in various enterprises. He was engaged in dealing in stock during the summer and in winter he conducted a slaughterhouse and packing establishment. He killed mostly hogs. The capacity was 400 hogs per day. He shipped his pork to Cincinnati and was thus engaged about six years. He then purchased a tan yard and engaged in the boot and shoe business. He conducted the store about three years and manufactured excellent goods. He had ten men in his employ most of the time. He then engaged in the lime and stone trade and took contracts for building cellar walls in various places, and furnished all material. He had two perpetual lime kiln burners and usually tired them about the 15th of March and kept them burning continually until the 15th of November and burned one carload each day.

�Pictorial and Biographical Memoirs of Elkhart and St. Joseph Counties, Indiana
Together with Biographies of Many Prominent Men of Northern Indiana and the Whole State, Both Living and Dead�
Goodspeed Brothers Publishers, Chicago
1893
John Morris Co. Printers and Binders

CONRAD LIPHART was born in Hessen, Germany, December 23, 1833, a son of George and Elizabeth (Bessy) Liphart, who were also natives of the Fatherland. The farm on which the Lipharts reside in Germany has been in possession of the family for 300 years and was originally purchased from the king of Hessen, who reo served the privilege of purchasing it, if he so desired, whenever it should be sold. George Liphart was an extensive tiller of the soil and was also engaged in burning tile. He was born and reared on the farm that had furnished his people with a subsistence for so many years, was married and resided there until his death which occurred in 1848. To himself and wife three sons and four daughters were born: Elizabeth, who died in Germany; Maria, Elizabeth, Henry, Kate, Conrad and George, all of whom are dead with the exception of Conrad and George, who are residents of St. Joseph county, Ind., the latter's home being in the rural districts. Although he was reared to a farm life, Conrad learned the cabinet maker's trade when he was a young man, serving an apprenticeship of two years and a half, at the expiration of which time he decided to come to America and the early part of 1851 found him in Sandusky, Ohio, where he remained four years working at his trade. Following this he came to South Bend in 1855, where he has continued to reside up to the present. He worked faithfully and perseveringly at his trade until New Year's day, 1860, when he opened an establishment of his own with a borrowed capital of $50, for the people with whom he had been working failed in business, and he thus lost the wages he had earned. These were the conditions which prompted him to commence business for himself and never did he regret so doing. For the first three months the outlook for the new establishment was by no means flattering, as the actual cash sales amounted to only $15.30, but Mr. Liphart knew no such word as fail, and his energy and indomitable will carried him over this trying time and he soon found himself on a smooth sea and floating with a prosperous tide. Three years later his business had assumed larger proportions and he purchased the furniture store of Henry Miller, which he enlarged from time to time as his business demanded, and in 1865 rented a factory for the manufacture of furniture, wholesale and also ordered jobs which he carried on in connection with his wholesale and retail sale of furniture and undertaking goods. This business be conducted successfully for many years, or until he retired from active business pursuits in 1890, as above mentioned. He has a handsome, commodious and comfortable brick residence, in which he is passing his days after a useful and well-spent business career. As he started out to win fame and fortune for himself in 1860 with a borrowed capital, his achievements during the thirty years of his business career are something wonderful and should serve as an incentive to all young men to ever push onward and upward. Although he labored under the disadvantage of being a foreigner and imperfectly speaking the English language, it was soon discovered that be was honest and upright in all his business transactions and was desirous of pleasing his patrons, and as a natural result, he was soon doing a profitable business. He was married in South Bend, March 27, 1856, to Margaret Smith. daughter of George and Catherine (Keefer) Smith, who were native Germans, but came to America about the year 1822, settling first in Ohio where they resided until about 1840, at which time they took up their residence in St. Joseph county, Ind., where they eventually passed from life. To Mr. and Mrs. Liphart nine children have been born: Frances L. (deceased), Clara M., Charles H., Edward (deceased), Alice, Anna, Eva (deceased), Cora (deceased), and Nettie. During Mr. Liphart's residence in South Bend he bas never aspired to or held office of any kind but bas been a very clever student of his business interests, which, without doubt, accounts for the eminent success of his enterprise. The church affiliations of himself and wife have always been with the German Methodist Church, which church he was instrumental in organizing in 1877, and is its oldest member. He assisted in the organization of the Evangelical Church in 1855, but in 1877 seven families left that church in order to restore peace, complications of a serious nature having arisen, and they attached themselves to the Methodist Church. Mr. Lipbart has been Superintendent of the Sunday-school and class leader, also trustee of his church. He has been an earnest worker for the Christian cause, and since professing religion, has kept the faith.

CHARLES H. LIPHART is a wide-awake citizen of South Bend, Ind., and as he has resided here ever since his birth, which occurred on the 26th of January, 1862, the people have every opportunity to judge of his character and qualifications as a man of affairs, and naught has ever been said derogatory to his honor, In the public schools of his native city and in the Berea College he acquired a thorough education, and upon obtaining suitable years he entered the furniture and undertaking establishment of his father, and was given an interest in the business which, by judicious management, assumed considerable proportions. In March, 1890, the head of the firm disposed of his interest and retired from the business and shortly after Charles H. embarked in the undertaking business on his own responsibility, a business for which he is peculiarly adapted, for he is reliable, sympathetic and experienced. The vocation of an undertaker is essentially a very delicate one, and it involves for its successful prosecution peculiarly important qualifications which but comparatively few individuals possess and it is only by experience as well as natural aptitude that a man is able to discharge his duty in that relation to the entire and unqualified satisfaction of those most directly interested. This Mr. Liphart has succeeded in doing, and he is already reaping a rich reward in compensation for his careful attention to his duties. In June, 1891, he associated with himself George Beyler and the business is now carried on under the firm name of Liphart & Beyler. Mr. Lip�hart was married on the 25th of December, 1888, to Emma Flinn, who was born on the 25th of August, 1867 to John E. and Charlotte (Jones) Flinn. Mr. Liphart is a member of the A. F. & A. M., in which he is a Knight Templar, and politically he is a Republican.

L. H. JOHNSON is a member of the well-known firm of Johnson & May, marble and stone dealers, South Bend, Ind., and since the establishment of the business in 1887 by Mr. Johnson it has made rapid and substantial progress, and as business men the members of this firm are popular and respected. Mr. Johnson is a native of the Empire State, his natal year being 1852, being a son of H. and Cynthia (Paddock) Johnson, the former's death occurring in New York State in 1884. In the year 1887 L. H. Johnson came to South Bend, Ind., which place has since been his home and where he has built up a good business and made many warm friends. He has proved himself to be a practical and progressive man of affairs, and although he is shrewd and keen in his bargains, he has never been known to take advantage of anyone and what he has he has the satisfaction of knowing has been honestly earned. He looks after the interests of his customers with zealous care, and guarantees all orders to be filled promptly and satisfactorily. He is of a social disposition and is a Knight Templar in that worthy order, the A. F. & A. M. He has always supported the measures of the Republican party, for he believes them to be right, and from his business interests has found time to be an active participant in all worthy projects. Miss Genevieve Pettinger, of Shiloh, Ohio, became his wife in 1877, and to their union one child has been given - Dean Milton who was born in 1879. Mrs. Johnson is a daughter of M. R. and Susanna Pettenger, and is an intelligent and amiable lady and like her husband has many warm personal friends.

V. N. MAY. Prominent among the many reliable business houses of South Bend, Ind., the establishment in which Mr. May is a partner is one of the foremost, and that it is appreciated as such can be readily seen by the large patronage they command. This house deserves honorable mention in this volume, not only on account of the high character of his management but also on account of the superiority of its stock. Mr. May is a native of Jefferson county, Wis., where he first saw the light of day in 1856. His early days were unmarked by any unusual occurrence, suffice it is say that he received a fair education in the common schools and that he early learned to know what hard work meant. Since 1887 Mr. May has been one of the substantial citizens of South Bend, Ind., and almost immediately after locating here he formed a partnership with Mr. Johnson in the marble and stone business, and in the conduct of this business has been remarkably successful. He was married in 1880 to Miss Catherine Heimann, of Ontario, Canada, who died in 1883 after having become the mother of one child, whom they named Albert. In 1885 Mr. May took for his second wife Miss Minnie Meyers, of Norwalk, Ohio, daughter of Dominick Meyers, and this union has resulted in the birth of four children: Leo, Carl, Frank and Marie. All the members of this family are worthy members of the Catholic Church and politically Mr. May has always been a Democrat, although he has never been a political aspirant.

GEORGE H. STOVER, treasurer of St. Joseph county, Ind. The important position of county treasurer is filled in a most admirable manner by George H. Stover, who bas made a beau ideal public officer, for he is not only faithful, efficient and energetic, but he is accommodating and courteous to all with whom he comes in contact. The energy and perseverance of his character have nowhere a better field for manifestation than official work, and his impress on this sphere of public duty will long be felt. He is a product of Botetourt county, Va., where he was born July 31, 1839, of which State his parents, Jacob and Sarah (Noffsinger) Stover, were also residents. The Stovers are of German lineage and upon coming to this country first settled in Pennsylvania, but later took up their residence in Virginia. Some of the early members of the family were participants in the war for independence. The paternal grandfather of George H. Stover was a physician and died in Virginia. Jacob Stover was a farmer by calling, and in the fall of 1850 started overland westward, his intention being to locate in St. Joseph county, and after the "promised land " was reached he purchased a farm of 240 acres in Clay township, on which some small improvements had been made in the way of clearing and the erection of a log cabin. He is still the owner of this farm although he makes his home in South Bend with his son, George H. He was trustee of his township several terms. Of eight children born to himself and wife only three are living at the present time: George H., William C. and Frank P. The two last mentioned are in Ft. Collins, Colo. George H. Stover was in his twelfth year when he came to this county, and although he had previously attended school, the greater part of his education was acquired in this county in the schools of South Bend and Mishawaka. Two years were also spent in Franklin College, Indiana, in which institution he made a good record for himself. In 1859 he crossed the plains with a party of gold seekers, the journey thither occupying almost six months. They stopped at Chico, Cal., and there Mr. Stover secured a school and taught two winter terms. During his vacations he kept books for a large lumber firm. In 1861 he returned home via the Isthmus or Panama and in due course of time landed in the city of New York. He at once proceeded to South Bend, in the vicinity of which he engaged in farming and followed this occupation with success until 1886, when he accepted the position of deputy county treasurer. In 1888 he was elected to the office of treasurer, and was honored with a re-election in 1890. While living in Clay township on his farm he held every office that could be given him, in fact, has held some office or other the greater portion of his life. As an official he has given good satisfaction and has become very popular with the masses in general, and his party in particular. He has always labored in the interests of democracy, but is by no means radical, on the contrary is quite conservative. His first majority when elected to office was 195 and his second 1,005, which was given him gratuitously and without a particle of canvassing on his part, for he never left his office for this purpose. It was wholly and purely owing to his efficiency and popularity as a man and in this respect Mr. Stover has every reason to be gratified and pleased. In 1865 he also went to Virginia City, Ida., via Salt Lake City, in company with his brother, W. C., on a freighting expedition with ox teams, hauling groceries and provisions, disposing of the same in the fall of the same year, and returning to his home in St. Joseph county. At the general election of 1892 he was elected a member of the Lower House of Representatives of the General Assembly of the State of Indiana, fifty-eighth session, and is now occupying a seat in that body, which is in session at the present time. He still owns his fine farm in Clay township, but since entering upon his official duties has rented it. In 1861 Miss Sophia A. Meyer became his wife and to them a son and daughter have been given: William C., deputy treasurer to his father, and Ella V. Mr. Stover is a member of St. Joseph Lodge, No. 45, of the A. F. & A.M.

ELMER CROCKETT is the very efficient official whom Uncle Sam has placed in charge of his interests at South Bend, Ind., and to say that he has performed his duties in a capable, faithful and honorable manner would be but bestowing credit where credit is due. In Penn township of the county in which he now resides he first saw the light September 1, 1844, his parents being Shellim and Louisa (Ireland) Crockett, the former of whom was born in Kentucky and the latter in Ohio. This family is distantly related to the well-known Davy Crockett, and was among the first families to settle on blue grass soil. The father emigrated from Lexington, Ky., to Ohio in his boyhood, and stopped for a short time near New Paris, where he was eventually married, and in 1831 came to St. Joseph county Ind., by wagon and on horseback. He entered a tract of land which was in its wild state, in Penn township, on which he erected a primitive log cabin, and there his early married life was spent. Wild game was very plentiful at that time, and the red man's face was a familiar object. Mr. Crockett often ran races with them in the trading point at what is now South Bend. He greatly improved his farm and made it his home until the death of his wife in 1848, when he removed to South Bend, where his home has since been. He was in business in this city for a number of years, has identified himself with its every interest, and is considered one of its most substantial and worthy residents. He has now reached the age of four-score years, and although the snows of many winters have whitened his hair, his mind shows but little the ravages of time. He crossed the plains twice to California, where he was engaged in mining for some time. He is now the only surviving member of a family of thirteen children born to his parents. He became the father of seven children, three of whom are living: Garrett, a resident of Oregon; Elmer, and Mrs. N. D. Walter of this city. In the schools of South Bend and Mishawaka the subject of this sketch received his early education, which he finished in the Northern Indiana College. He was a strong supporter of the Union cause during the war, and in 1864 his name could be found on the rolls of the One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, with which he served until the cessation of hostilities, holding the rank of corporal. He was mustered out of the service at Indianapolis and returned to his home at Mishawaka, where he began learning the trade of a printer in the office of the Mishawaka Enterprise. After serving his allotted time he came to South Bend and for two years was foreman of the Register office, and for two years was one of its proprietors under the firm name of Beal, Miller & Co. In March, 1872, he and Mr. A. B. Miller retired from the Register and formed the Tribune Printing Company, and since that date Mr. Crockett has been vice president of the establishment and one of its stockholders. His attention was devoted to the successful conduct of this business until he received his appointment of postmaster in 1890. He is identified with several building and loan associations, has been vice-president of the South Bend Building and Loan Association since its organization, and in numerous other ways has manifested much interest in the progress and development of the town. He is past commander of Auten Post No. 8 of the G. A. R., is a member of the A. F. & A. M., in which he has been grand high priest of the Royal Arch Masons of the State of Indiana during the years of 1889-90. In December, 1868, he was married to Miss Anna M. Miller, a daughter of the late ex-Sheriff B. F. Miller, and of the five children born to them three are now living: Charles E., Ethel M. and Donald B. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, and he is superintendent of the Sabbath school. He has numerous friends.

SAMUEL W. STUDEBAKER. A livery stable is a most essential institution, both for pleasure and convenience. To be able to command at any moment a horse and rig for a drive in the country or for business or other purposes, is a privilege the value of which can not be too highly estimated. Foremost among the liveries of South Bend, or those of the State, is the well known resort of Samuel W. Studebaker. This stable, from the large business it does, not only exemplifies the importance of the town, but reflects credit upon its management. Mr. Studebaker was born in South Bend, Ind., April 2, 1854, and is a son of Henry Studebaker, one of the founders of the Studebaker wagon works, and Susan (Studebaker) Studebaker. The original of this notice grew to manhood on the farm, and was his father's active assistant from the time he was old enough to make himself useful until his father engaged in other enterprises. He was educated in the common schools, and subsequently entered Notre Dame University, where he remained about one year. In the spring of 1878 he began farming on his own account, on his uncle P. E. Studebaker's farm of 640 acres, now this city, and here he remained for twelve years. He was engaged in stock-raising and trading also. In 1890 he engaged in the livery business in South Bend, and has carried on this business ever since. He has one of the largest and best equipped livery barns - 66x150 feet - in the State, and thoroughly understands everything connected with his business. Although he has been in this business only about two years, he has met with flattering success, and is thoroughgoing and enterprising. He has about $7,000 invested. The city has its full quota of vigorous, enterprising, thoroughgoing business men, whose popularity is based upon both their social qualities and their well-known integrity and business activity, but none among them is more popular or better liked by those who have dealings with him than Mr. Studebaker. In his political views he affiliates with the Republican party, and socially he is a member of the order of Maccabees. On March 20, 1878, Mr. Studebaker was married to Miss Mary E. Martin, of St. Joseph county, and they have one son, Warren H.

JOHN ELDER, one of the pioneer settlers of the city of South Bend, Ind., was born in Linlithgowshire, Scotland, on the 11th of November, 1808, to Robert and Jeanette (Ormistun) Elder, who were also born on Scottish soil. Robert Elder was born January 1, 1782, was a farmer by occupation, and had the distinction of living to the advanced age of ninety years, his death occurring on the 15th of April, 1871. His wife died July 23, 1860, having borne her husband the following children: James, John, Robert, Thomas, William, Alexander, David, Jeanette, Christian, Margaret and Marion. In the land of his birth John Elder learned the trade of a tailor, at which calling he worked until the 15th of April, 1833, when he started for America, taking passage on the vessel "Albion," bound from Glasgow to Montreal, at which port he arrived after a lapse of six weeks. He went at once to Little York, and was a resident of that place until it was incorporated as a city and its name changed to Toronto, in the winter of 1833-4. He remained there, working industriously at his trade until the 18th of August, 1834, when he became a resident of Buffalo, N. Y., whither he came via Niagara Falls. He then went by water to Cleveland, at which point he took the stage to Pittsburg, where he remained about six months. He then went to Cincinnati, and two months later to Louisville. During his travels he was looking for a brother who had preceeded him to America. Leaving Louisville, he went down the Ohio River and up the Wabash to Lafayette, Ind., and from there by stage to Logansport. There being no stage line from there to South Bend, Mr. Elder set out on foot, a distance of sixty-six miles. He passed through what has since become Plymouth, but which then consisted of one house, which was used as a tavern, and as a man there had broken his plow and was compelled to come to South Bend to the nearest blacksmith to get the repairing done, Mr. Elder rode the rest of the distance- twenty-three miles - with him, arriving in the place May 12, 1835. At that time there were but about thirty houses in the town, the most of which were log cabins. He continued to work at his trade until 1847, when he purchased twenty acres of land just south of the town for $27.50 per acre, which at the present time is inside the city limits, lots from the same fronting on South Michigan street being worth $2,000. After settling on the land Mr. Elder engaged in farming on a small scale, and later opened the first dairy in the town. He has lived forty-two years in the house in which he is now residing, a record probably not equaled by any family in South Bend or possibly in St. Joseph county. For a residence which has been constructed for so long a time, it is in excellent repair, and is a model of convenience and comfort. Mr. Elder was married on the 2d of April, 1838, in South Bend, to Miss Emily A. Sweet, born near Hartford, Conn., March 20, 1816, and daughter of Ira and Orra (Sweet) Sweet, the former a native of Ohio and the latter of Connecticut. The father of Ira Sweet was one of the first settlers in the vicinity of Ashtabula, Ohio, and cut the first tree on the land where that city now stands. After the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Sweet, who were cousins, they lived a short time in Connecticut, then settled in New York, and in 1826 removed to Loraine county, Ohio, and still later to Illinois, where Mrs. Sweet died, Mr. Sweet's death occurring in Iowa at the age of seventy-four years. Mr. and Mrs. Elder are the parents of the following children: Robert J., and Alexander, deceased; John W., Mary A., William A., Martha E., Amanda M., Sydney S. and Harriet E. Mr. Elder is a member of the Presbyterian Church, having joined that religious denomination in Scotland when a young man, but his wife and children are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Elder has always affiliated with the Republican party, having voted for William Henry Harrison and his grandson, Benjamin Harrison, for President. He assisted in raising the first church in South Bend in the fall of 1835, which was a plain, frame structure from heavy timber, for the Methodist denomination. The people were in straitened circumstances in those days, and rails from a fence were placed on blocks and served as the first seats. A strange feature of the church raising, which was of no uncommon occurrence in those pioneer days, was a jug of whisky, which also assisted in the laudable work. Mr. Elder's life has been one of honor and usefulness, and during his long residence in this section he has gathered about him numerous friends, whose respect he at all times commands. His life has been marked by the most upright conduct, and in his long and varied career, naught has ever been said derogatory to his honor.

LESTER F. BAKER, founder of the D. H. Baker & Bro. boot and shoe store of South Bend, Ind., is a native of the Empire State, born in Oneida county, August 19, 1819, and is a son of Eleazer Baker, who was a native of Connecticut, born in 1793, but who died in Orleans county, N. Y., in 1836. He was a commission merchant by occupation, and in 1823 settled in western New York when that part of the State was a wilderness. He was one of the pioneers. The mother of our subject, Susan (Love) Baker, was born in Oneida county, N. Y., in 1797, and died in 1877. Lester F. Baker was the eldest of eight children born to this worthy couple and is the only one of two now living. He was educated in the district and private schools and from the age of fourteen until eighteen he worked on a farm. He then branched out to fight his own way in life and was engaged in various occupations until twenty years of age when he began teaching school in his native State. As compensation he received from $15 to $25 per month and "board around." This profession he followed for six years, and in 18406 he came to Akron, Ohio, where he engaged in the stove and tinware business for some time. From there he went to Sandusky City, thence to Cincinnati, and for two years, or until 1852, was engaged in railroad work on the Chicago, Hamilton & Dayton Railway, which was then building. In the last mentioned year, in company with his brother, Darwin H., he came west in search of a good business location, and after much hunting decided that South Bend, Ind., was the best place, all things considered, that they could find. In May, 1852, they opened a boot and shoe store opposite the South Bend National Bank as it now stands, and remained there from May to October, when they removed to Michigan street, three doors from Washington street. Six months later they removed their goods one door south from that place and there the firm remained for twenty years. Then they removed to the present location on the corner of Michigan and Washington. In 1861 Mr. Baker retired from the boot and shoe business and since then has given his attention to his real estate interests. He is the owner of some of the best property in the city and has ever been thoroughgoing and enterprising. He was married in 1849 to Miss Mary R. Willey, of Delaware, Ohio, born in that town in 1826, and they have two daughters: Susan, now Mrs. William Nickell, residing in Waukesha, Wis., and Ila, now Mrs. Frederick Sanborn, of South Bend. In politics Mr. Baker is a stanch supporter of Democratic principles, and cast his first presidential vote for Martin Van Buren in 1840. In his religious sentiments he is a Presbyterian. In the year 1875 he was elected to the common council of the city of South Bend and served in a creditable and efficient manner for two years. In 1889 he was appointed by the Indiana General Assembly as one of the trustees of the Northern Indiana Asylum for Insane at Logansport. This appointment was made without his knowledge and was a great surprise for him. Mr. Baker has passed many years of his life in St. Joseph county and in every walk of life has acquitted himself in an upright, honorable manner. He is known far and near as a man of kind disposition, and an intelligent and worthy gentleman. He has ever been interested in the public welfare, and while he has ever attended strictly to his private affairs, he shirked no duties as a loyal citizen.

WILLIAM R. BOYD is the president of the South Bend Lumber Company, which was organized and incorporated December 1, 1889, with a capital stock of $32,000 with the following officers: William R. Boyd, president; Frank Colmar, vice president, and S. A. Hillier, secretary and treasurer. The company was the consolidation of the lumber interests of Leach & Jackson and Boyd & Hillier, the latter firm having purchased the business of the former a short time previous to the organization of the South Bend Lumber Company. A large planing mill and sash and door factory is operated in connection with the business, the annual volume of which amounts to about $150,000. Mr. Boyd was born in Harford county, Md., August 27, 1841, to Weston and Hannah (Parsons) Boyd, the former a native of Harford county and the latter of Baltimore, Md. Weston Boyd was born about the year 1810. His parents, who were natives of England, came to America in colonial times, and although the grandfather was a tanner by trade he did not follow that occupation after coming to America, the occupation of agriculture being his life work after locating in Maryland. Previous to his death he owned a large amount of property within thirty-six miles of Baltimore, which was the family homestead for many years and where the paternal grandfather and grandmother passed their lives. Weston Boyd, when a lad, went to Baltimore, where he learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed during his lifetime. After his marriage in Baltimore to Miss Parsons, he located at Havre de Grace, Md., where the family lived a number of years and where the subject of this sketch was born. With the exception of a few years in Washington, D. C., Mr. Boyd resided in this place until his death, in June, 1857. His wife survives him and at present makes her home with her son, John T., in Alexandria, Va. She bore her husband three children: John T., William R., and Charles W. (deceased.) One child was born to Mr. Boyd by a former marriage: Sarah I., wife of James Whittington of Philadelphia, Penn. William R. Boyd was reared in his native town, where he received his initiatory education which he afterward finished in the public schools of Washington, D. C. In 1857 he was apprenticed in that city to the carpenter's trade, serving four years. At this period the war came on and Mr. Boyd enlisted at 10 o'clock on the 10th of April, 1861, becoming a member of Company A, District of Columbia Volunteer Infantry, which was the first mustered into the service and before the call for volunteers. A peculiar feature of this company was that everyone of its members were born sonth of Mason and Dixon's line, with the exception of one Frenchman and one Irishman. The company was organized shortly after the election of Lincoln to participate in his inauguration and at that time had the right of line at the ceremonies. It was composed of patriotic, loyal men, who had organized to protect the life of the President during the inaugural ceremonies, as his life had been repeatedly threatened. During the three months for which the members of the company had enlisted, their time was chiefly taken up with guard duty. Mr. Boyd was in the employ of the Government in the quartermaster department during the war and was among a crowd of 500 volunteers engaged in repelling the guerrillas under Mosby at Manassas Junction. At the close of the war M. Boyd disposed of his furniture business at Alexandria, which he had operated a short time, and came to South Bend, Ind., where he began working at his trade. In 1882 he formed a partnership with S. A. Hillier under the firm name of Boyd & Hillier, in the lumber business, which firm has been succeeded by the South Bend Lumber Company. Mr. Boyd thoroughly understands every detail of the lumber business and is an excellent judge of all kinds of lumber. The firm of which he is a member is doing a thriving business and one which is constantly on the increase. Mr. Boyd was married December 26, 1865, at Burlington, N. J., to Emelia A. Hillier, a daughter of Richard and Frances (Stull) Hillier. Their union has resulted in the birth of two children: Nellie W., born October 27, 1866, and Robert E., born September 12, 1870. Mr. Boyd is a member of the Royal Arcanum, the Masonic fraternity and the G. A. R. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church and politically he is a Prohibitionist. The welfare of St. Joseph county has always been dear to him, and he is among the foremost in advocating measures for the benefit of his section.

IRA S. SCHROPP. This gentleman, who is the most efficient superintendent of the city water-works of South Bend, Ind., was born near Akron, Ohio, March 14, 1862. He was one of four children and when but an infant, was left motherless. He was adopted by Edwin G. Schropp, and was reared by that gentleman. His youthful days were passed on the farm and he had very limited educational advantages, only attending the common schools during the winter season. When old enough, he was given a trade (potter) and beginning this when eight years of age, followed it for twelve years. When twenty years of age young Schropp came to South Bend, Ind., as a representative of Donham & Ryland, wholesale tea merchants, but subsequently engaged with the Studebaker Wagon Works, where he was employed for two and a half years. On account of failing health he was obliged to go west, and he was employed in Des Moines, Iowa, by Gilchrist Lumber Company, remaining with the same for about eight months. Returning to South Bend he was employed as clerk in the city water-works, which position he held for two years and a half, when he was appointed superintendent of the same, succeeding E. L. Abbott. He has held this position for four years to the entire satisfaction of all concerned. He is a practical and competent engineer, and has exhibited in his incumbency of this office the most prudent, careful and efficient management. A self-made man, Mr. Schropp owes all his success in life to his own indomitable push and enterprise, and as a citizen and neighbor no one is more highly esteemed. His marriage with Miss Mary Krill, daughter of Joseph Krill, a prominent farmer of Portage township, occurred on the 9th of August, 1888. Mr. Scropp is a member of the K. of P. and the A. O. U. W., and takes much interest in these organizations. His adopted father, who is now a resident of South Bend, was a soldier in the Civil war, and belonged to what was known as the "Squirrel Hunters." On November 30, 1892, he resigned his position as superintendent of the city water-works to engage in the patent-medicine business, located at South Bend, and was succeeded in his position by John A. Graham, who was formerly superintendent of Strayer Machine shops.

DR. WILLIAM W. BUTTERWORTH (deceased). Very few, save those who have trod the arduous paths of the profession can picture to themselves the array of attributes, physical, mental and moral, the host of minor graces of manner and person, essential to the making of a truly successful physician. His constitution needs must be of the hardiest to withstand the constant shock of wind and weather, the wearing loss of sleep and rest, the ever gathering load of care, the insidious approach of every form of fell disease to which his daily round of duties momentarily exposed him. Far more than an, how greatly clothed with moral strength must be the man who would involve himself in all the woeful secrets of humanity, drawing from nature her most treasured secrets, and unlocking the gates where ignorance and doubt, have stood sentinel for ages. Such a physician was the one whose name stands at the head of this sketch and who in his own person so closely approached the ideal we have attempted to sketch above. Dr. William W. Butterworth was born in Warren county, Ohio, in 1824, and comes of a sturdy Virginia family. When but a boy his parents emigrated to La Porte county, Ind., and in farm work young Butterworth laid the foundation for his excellent constitution, and for the unusual amount of good common sense that ever characterized his actions. After attending the common schools he was fitted for college and entered Asbury University, where he remained one year. After this he began the study of medicine and graduated at the Indiana Medical College. He subsequently took a partial course of lectures at University Medical College, New York, and in 1847 located at Mishawaka, Ind., where he began practicing his profession. He went to that city an entire stranger, with very little to assist him in the battle of life, save a thorough knowledge of medicine. The city was then in the height of prosperity and the medical field was then occupied by a strong corps of educated and popular physicians, as well as by a number of "root and herb" and "steam" doctors. Fresh from his college and medical studies, Dr. Butterworth hung out his shingle and with much self reliance, energy and industry, sought the confidence of the people. He soon had a liberal patronage and a fair share of the business but had strong competition with some noted and scientific physicians. Until 1861 and during the war, Dr. Butterworth always maintained first-class rank in his profession in northern Indiana. In 1862 he, with a few other medical men from different parts of the State, was commissioned by Gov. Morton by authority of the war department, to visit Indiana troops in the field and hospital, then suffering so terribly from typhoid disease, and in that capacity rendered efficient aid on the battlefield and in the camp of Pittsburg Landing. In the summer of 1862 he accepted a commission as surgeon of the Ninety-ninth Indiana Volunteer Regiment and served as such until the close of the war. The last year of his service he was detailed for hospital work principally at Marietta, Georgia and Alexandria, Va. He served as president of St. Joseph Valley District Medical Society, composed of the counties of Elkhart, St. Joseph and La Porte of Indiana, and Cass and Berrien counties, Mich. His papers were always among the best read before the medical society, and many of them were published in the leading medical journals of the county. He was a talented writer and a very forcible and expressive speaker. In 1872 his name was very favorably mentioned as a candidate for congress, but he felt unable to afford the expense necessary for the uncertain race and therefore declined the proposed honor. He was a leading Republican and represented his county in the legislature from 1870 to 1874, with distinction, his services being publicly indorsed by a re-election. Following this he devoted his time to his profession and to the farming interest, continuing this until his death in December, 1888. He was twice married, his last wife being Mrs. S. E. Kennedy, a daughter of the Hon. Milo Smith, of Mississippi. Two sons and a daughter survive.

Charles M. Butterworth, M. D., the youngest son, like his illustrious father, has selected the medical profession as his calling in life, and is one of the younger elements of our prominent, energetic and influential citizens, and one of the popular physicians of South Bend. He was born at Mishawaka, Ind., July 8, 1866, and his first scholastic training was received in the public schools of that place. Later he was a pupil of his aunt, Miss Carrie V. Sherwood, of his native town, and then studied for a year in the office of his father and Dr. J. B. Green. After this he entered the Medical College, of Ohio, remained in the same three years, and in September, 1889, he located in South Bend for the practice of his profession, and has remained here ever since. In politics be supports the platform of the Republican party. He is a member of the St. Joseph Medical Society and in 1891 was vice president of the same. He is also a member of the National Association, and for three years has been county physician for the poor of Portage, German and Clay townships, also physician to St. Joseph Hospital and the County Asylum.

GEORGE W. LOUGHMAN.
The name of Loughman is one of the most influential in South Bend, Ind., and is one of the most respected by the community. Mr. Loughman deserves special notice for his public spirit and energy, and is at present the most efficient secretary and treasurer of the Sandage Steel Skein Company, of that city. He was mayor of South Bend for some time, and very ably and efficiently did he conduct the affairs of the city during his incumbency. He was born at Brownsville, Ohio, December 25, 1846, and is a son of David and Elizabeth (Martin) Loughman, natives of the Keystone State. The father died in 1846, about three months prior to the birth of our subject, and the mother died at Brownsville, Ohio, in 1877. George W. Loughman, the youngest of five children, passed his boyhood and youth on a farm, received a common-school education, and when seventeen years of age donned his suit of blue, shouldered his musket and enlisted in Company G, Thirty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, serving nearly two years. He was in all the engagements of the Atlanta campaign in which his regiment participated, was with Sherman to the sea, and through the Carolinas and Virginia. He was discharged at the close of the war and mustered out at Louisville, Ky. Returning home he remained there for about three months, and then came to St. Joseph county, Ind., locating at Mishawaka. He clerked for the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad company, and later was appointed to an agency for the company, holding that position for about three years. He then came to South Bend as the company's cashier, and held that position for about six years. In 1880 he represented that railroad company in the stock yards at Chicago for six months, after which he returned to South Bend as the company's agent, and continued as such for nine years. Altogether, he was in the employ of this company for twenty-three years, and then resigned to engage in manufacturing and his present pursuits. He has been treasurer of the Sandage Steel Skein Company ever since his connection with the same. In politics he is a Republican, and was elected two terms to the city council. In 1882 he was elected mayor, and his services were publicly endorsed by re-election in 1884. In his re-election, while the city was from two to three hundred Democratic, he received a majority of more than 600 votes, thus attesting his popularity as a citizen and an official. Socially, he is a Knight Templar in the Masonic fraternity, South Bend Commandery, No. 13, Crusade Lodge, No. 14, also a K. of P., Auten Post, No. 14, & G. A. R. A charter member of the South Bend Building & Loan Association, he has been its president since its organization. This is one of the oldest in north Indiana, and one of the most successful in the State. In his religious views Mr. Loughman is a member of the Grace Methodist Episcopal Church. In the year 1868 he was married to Miss Martha Chandler, of Mishawaka, Ind., and one daughter has been born to this union: Edith B., now Mrs. Osborn Miller, who resides at Three Rivers, Mich.

Deb Murray