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SAMUEL GOOD (deceased). There is no inheritance so rich as the records of the worthy lives of those who have departed this life and who had human frailties, yet were so enabled to overcome them as to lead lives of usefulness, integrity and true godliness. Such a man was Samuel Good who was one of the pioneers of St. Joseph county, Ind., but was born in Virginia on October, 1794. The parents of Samuel were Virginians who owned a large plantation and had a large number of slaves. About 1800 they freed them all and removed to Champaign county, Ohio, and were among the first settlers in the vicinity of Urbana. Here the parents of Samuel resided until their death. The father was a successful farmer and acquired considerable property prior to his death. He was a soldier in the War of 1812. Samuel was quite small when his parents settled in Ohio and there he was reared, and October 12, 1818, was married to Hester Russell, who was born September 2, 1800, in Maryland, a daughter of Caleb and Lydia (Devore) Russell, who were pioneers of Champaign county, Ohio, from Maryland, the remainder of their days being spent in the Buckeye State. Caleb Russell was a farmer and an 1812 soldier, his death occurring shortly after the termination of that conflict. After the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Good they settled on a :farm in Champaign county, but in the spring of 1830 they removed to Elkhart county, Ind., and settled on the St. Joseph River, near where the city or Goshen now stands, and near where an Indian village then stood. That summer was spent in camp life and they succeeded in raising a fair crop on the prairie near by. In the fall Mr. Good built a log cabin in which they passed the winter. Another crop was raised in 1831, but that fall the family came to St. Joseph county and took up their residence two miles southwest of South Bend where Mr. Good had entered 240 acres of land in 1830. He also entered 240 acres in Portage Prairie in German township where he afterward settled. Later he removed to South Bend and engaged in slaughtering and the sale of meat. He was a successful farmer and an active business man but was cut off in the prime of life, his death occurring October 21, 1836. His widow survived him many years, her death occurring at the home of her daughter on the old homestead southwest of South Bend. Mr. and Mrs. Good were the parents of seven children: Mary J., who was born in Ohio, February 2, 1820, died November 24, 1836; Lydia A., wife of Joshua D. Miller; William S. was born October 4, 1823, and when a young man went to California, in 1849, and engaged in mining and transportation business, at which he was very successful. In 1853 he returned to Indiana and purchased a large drove of horses, and while returning to California was taken dick in Carson Valley, Nev., and died on September 15, 1853, being buried there. Joseph was born September 22, 1825, and married Mary Estridge. He was a successful farmer of St. Joseph county and died in September, 1890; Martha E. was born October 7, 1828, and died November 21, 1836; Lucinda C. was born January 22, 1832, married Adam Konzen and resides in Portage township; Samuel G. was born January 26, 1836, in German township, was reared in his native county, principally in German township, where he resided most of his life. He was married November 21, 1871, to Minerva C. Stocker. who was born on May 15, 1846, in German township, daughter of Peter and Mary (Adams) Stocker. After the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Good they settled on a farm in German township, an occupation which Mr. Good still follows. He is one of the most successful and reliable fanners of the township and county, owning over 500 acres of land. In the spring of 1872 he located on a farm where he now resides, one-half mile north of the city limits of South Bend, consisting of 300 acres of land, on which is a fine residence and farm buildings of all descriptions. During his earlier years Mr. Good was one of the first to go to Colorado, in 1859, where he spent two and one-half years engaged in transporting supplies, provisions, etc., from Denver to the mining districts, in which line of work he was remarkably successful. He was in Leadville during the early days of the mining excitement and had many strange experiences. He took the first load of supplies from Denver to California Gulch in the spring of 1860, and the prices received for many articles seem almost incredible at the present day. He readily disposed of boots at $25 per pair, flour at $20 per sack and other articles in proportion. Returning from Denver to South Bend he made the trip by team in thirty-three days. Mr. and Mrs. Good are the parents of two children, one of whom died in infancy. The one living is Mabel M., who was born April 21, 1875, and is being educated at. St. Mary's Academy. In politics Mr. Good is a Republican, and at all times supports his party's principles. He is one of the first citizens of the county and is deservedly popular with all classes.

�Pictorial and Biographical Memoirs of Elkhart and St. Joseph Counties, Indiana
Together with Biographies of Many Prominent Men of Northern Indiana and the Whole State, Both Living and Dead�
Goodspeed Brothers Publishers, Chicago
1893
John Morris Co. Printers and Binders

JOSHUA D. MILLER, South Bend, Ind. The earliest record of the Miller family at hand commences with the life of Jacob Miller, who was the grandfather of many of the well-known citizens of St. Joseph county, who settled here during the earliest history of northern Indiana. Jacob Miller was born in Franklin county, Penn., in 1735, his parents being natives of Germany. He united with the German Baptist Church early in life, in which he became a noted minister in later years. When quite a young man he married and removed to Franklin county, Va., where he reared a family of nine sons and three daughters. He labored in his ministerial capacity in that locality and built up a large church, which is standing to this day. In 1800 he took up his residence near Dayton, Ohio, on the west side of the Great Miami River, at which time the country was a dense forest, inhabited by nu�merous tribes of Indians. Elder Miller frequently visited them in their wigwams, sang and prayed with them, and his kind and friendly treatment led the savages to reverence and respect him and to offer him their protection under all circumstances. They called him the "Good Man" the Great Spirit had sent them from the east. He reared a very exemplary family of children, some of whom became worthy ministers in the church. He died at his home in Ohio in 1815, at the age of eighty years, full of honors and mourned as a most devout Christian and able minister of the gospel, leaving behind him a name and record of which his descendants may well feel proud. The sons and daughters of Elder Jacob Miller were: Isaac, who married Hannah Webb and lived in Greene County, Ohio; he was a soldier in the War of 1812, enlisting in 1813, and died while in the service of his country; Samuel died in Virginia aged about twenty-five years; Daniel married a Miss Shideler, by whom he reared a large family, was a worthy minister of the German Baptist Church, and died in Iowa; Mary married Samuel Doost, lived in Ohio and had four sons: Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and John, who were able ministers of the church, the first mentioned dying in Miami county, Ohio, in 1829 and the latter in the same county in 1875 at the age of eighty-six years, having been a minister in the German Baptist Church for more than fifty years; Eve married a Mr. Moss and after his death became the wife of Joseph Kingery, residing in Preble county, Ohio; Anna married a Mr. Lybrook and lived in Union county, Ohio; John, the eldest son, married Phoebe McClure, after which he spent his life in Union county, Ind., where he died, having reared a large family of children. Jacob married Sarah Chapman, reared a family, and lived and died in Virginia. Aaron Miller, another son of Elder Jacob Miller, was born April 8, 1785, in Virginia, and moved to Ohio with his parents in the year 1800. He married Elizabeth Hardman December 1, 1805, and reared a family of seven sons and four daughters. In 1818 they moved to Wayne county, Ind., and in 1829 came to South Bend when it was only a trading post, with A. Coquillard and L. M. Taylor as traders. Mr. Miller settled on the banks of the St. Joseph River, four miles north of South Bend, in the spring of 1831. He was one of the first ministers of the gospel to preach in this county, and the eleven children which he reared were all brought up in the faith of the German Baptist Church. David, the eldest, was a gifted minister of the gospe1. He reared a large family and died at the age of seventy-two years. Benjamin also reared a family and removed to California during the early history or that State. Solomon lived for many years in South Bend, was a merchant for several years, and held the office of county treasurer acceptably. He died many yearn ago leaving a family. Isaac was married and reared a family. He was in the mercantile business with his brother Solomon, but when the Rebellion opened he showed his patriotism by at once enlisting in the Union army, and lost his life while serving his country, his death occurring in the South. Joshua B. came to St. Joseph county in an early day, and still resides in South Bend. John married, reared a family, and moved to northwestern Iowa. Aaron, the youngest son, married and moved to Kansas when that State was in its infancy. He was married to Evaline Roe, and eight children were born of this union. He died in Lyon county, Kan., in 1892, having lived an exemplary life. All the daughters married and reared families, moved West, and one resided in Oregon for several years and died at the age of eighty-two years. Tobias, Abraham and David, also sons of Elder Jacob Miller, are mentioned at length elsewhere in this volume. Joshua D. Miller was born in Montgomery county, Ohio, January 25, 1818, son of Aaron and Elizabeth (Hardman) Miller. In the spring of 1818 the family removed to Wayne county, Ind., and settled on a farm near Richmond. Here he made his home until about thirteen years of age, attending the old-time subscription schools which were held in log school-houses during the winter months until he reached manhood. In the spring of 1831 he came with his parents to St. Joseph county, settling on the river in German township, four miles north of South Bend. He witnessed the transformation of a wilderness into a cultivated, improved country, dotted with rich and finely cultivated farms and densely populated districts. In 1845 he removed to Miami county, Ohio., and spent three years working at the carpenter's trade in the vicinity of Troy. Upon returning to St. Joseph county he followed carpentering for about twenty-five years, and many of the fine residences and barns of the surrounding country attest his taste and skill as a mechanic. He was married in September, 1849 to Lydia A. Good, born October 22, 1821, a daughter of Samuel and Hester (Russell) Good. After the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Miller they resided in South Bend for two years and then settled an a farm in German township which consisted of 160 acres of land, which Mr. Miller brought under a high state of cultivation and made some valuable improvements thereon. Retiring from active business pursuits, he disposed of his property in 1878 and located in South Bend, where he still resides and where he owns valuable residence property. While a resident of German township he discharged the duties of township assessor for fourteen years, and also held the office of trustee and other positions of honor. In 1846 Mr. Miller became a member of the I. O. O. F., and has represented his camp at the Grand Lodge on three different occasions. He has also held all the official positions in the subordinate lodge and camp. He is a member of the Rebecca degree. He belongs to the Universalist Church and in polities is a Republican, having voted that ticket ever since the organization of the party, having previously been a Whig. Mr. and Mrs. Miller are the parents of seven children: Paulina, Alice and Clara (twins), Martha, William G., Mary and Hester. Three of these children died in childhood of diphtheria, and the rest grew to maturity but have since died.

JACOB RITTER, of South Bend, Ind. and one of the pioneers or St. Joseph county, is a Montgomery County, Ohioan, born about three miles west, of Dayton, on the 1st of January, 1806, a son of John and Barbara (Garber) Ritter. John Ritter was born in North Carolina in April, 1777, and there grew to manhood. When a young man he learned the cooper's trade and for some time made that his chief occupation. He afterward resided near Nashville, Tenn. for a short time and later was a resident of Kentucky. As he was married in Montgomery, Ohio, in 1805, he was probably a settler of that locality about the year 1803. At the time he crossed the Ohio River at Cincinnati on his way to Ohio, there was only a block house and a few cabins where that city now stands, the principal inhabitants at that point being soldiers. His wife was born in Virginia, a daughter of John and Barbara Garber. About the year 1818 the Ritter family removed to Wayne county, Ind., being among the pioneers of that county, where Mr. Ritter became the owner of 100 acres of land. Here Mr. Ritter lived for several years. He afterward disposed of his property there and settled in St. Joseph county, a portion of his land being in Portage and a portion in German township. He afterward settled on the Michigan road in German township, where he lived until his death in February, 1867. His wife survived him several years, her death occurring at the home of her daughter in Floyd county, Iowa, at the advanced age of one hundred and two years. Mr. and Mrs. Ritter were the parents of the following children: Jacob, Michael, John, Benjamin, David, Samuel, Martin, Sarah and Susan, all of whom are living but John, who served three years as cavalryman in the late war under Gen. Custer. Jacob Ritter, whose name is at the head of this sketch, was about twelve years of age when his parents settled in Wayne county, and there and in his native county he succeeded in obtaining a practical education in the common schools, which were held in the old-time log cabin. He was reared on a farm, and has always devoted his attention to that occupation. In Wayne county he united his fortunes with those of Elizabeth Miller October 26, 1826, her birth having occurred in Montgomery county, Ohio, June 5, 1809, she being a daughter of David and Sarah (Hardman) Miller, who also became pioneers of St. Joseph county, Ind. In the spring of 1830 Mr. Ritter came to this county also, and found himself in Portage Prairie on April 5 of that year, and located on a farm of eighty acres in Section 32, which he had previously selected in the fall of 1829, at which time he also became the owner of eighty acres or timber land. A number of other families came at the same time, and that year they all raised quite good crops of corn. Several of these settlers combined work and in 1830 seeded about 200 acres to corn, which Mr. Ritter says became the best crop of sod corn he has ever seen produced in any country. That year they a1so raised some magnificent melons and turnips, but he refuses to disclose their exact size and weight for fear people of the present day would be inclined to doubt his veracity. He erected a log cabin on his property in German township, Section 29, in the fall of 1831, where he lived for many years, and which he still owns. In 1866 he retired from active labor and purchased property in South Bend, where he is now residing. He also owns 342 acres of land, and is nicely situated to enjoy life. He and his worthy wife became the parents of a good old fashioned family of fourteen children: Lucinda (deceased), Barbara, Sarah A. (deceased), Amanda E., Martha E., Aaron M. William H. H., David M., John N., Benjamin F., Theodore (deceased), Lorinda and Clarinda (twins) and Elizabeth M. Of these children, Amanda. E., Martha. E., William H., and Elizabeth M. are residents of this county; Barbara, now wife of Joseph Hardman, is living at Prairie City, Grant Co., Ore.; Aaron M. and David M. are farmers near Springfield., Mo.; John. N. is engaged in the practice of law and in banking at Columbus, Kan.; Benjamin F., a farmer and dealer in agricultural implements, resides in Castleton, CaseCo., N. D. Lorinda, wire of Q. A. Bulla, lives near St. Edward, Boone Co., Neb. and Clarinda, who married J. F. Buchtel, is living in Kansas City, Mo. Two sons, William H. H. and David, served three years during the war in the twenty-first Indiana Battery, under command of Capt. Andrews. Mrs. Ritter died February 20, 1867, and in 1872 Mr. Ritter took for his second wife Ellen Lentz, born February 26, 1831, in Pennsylvania, daughter of Christopher and Hannah (Davis} Lentz, who were of Scotch descent. Christopher Lentz was a soldier in the War of 1812 and for many years was a resident of German township, where he lived until his death, which occurred August l4, 1838. His widow survived him until October 27, 1869. Mr. Ritter is a. member of the I. O. O. F., having joined that order about the year 1850. He has always been a great reader, and possesses a well-stored mind. He rather favors the Universalist doctrine in his religious views, and in politics has always been an ardent Democrat. His record as an honorable man of affairs has remained untarnished and as a citizen he has always been public spirited and law abiding.

GEORGE WITTER has been a resident of St. Joseph county, Ind., for many years, in fact, was one of the very earliest settlers of the region, but was born in Union county, Ind., October 23, 1817, to John and Anna (Mayer) Witter, the former of whom was born October 23, 1782, in Lancaster county, Penn. Christopher Witter, the father of John, was born July 5, 1756. It is thought that the parents of Christopher came from Germany. Christopher was a farmer by occupation and was reared in his native State, where he resided the greater part of his life. His wife, Mary, was born March 9, 1763, and bore her husband nine children. She died in Pennsylvania many years since. Mr. Witter died in Union county, Ind., about the year 1822. John Witter grew to mature years in the State of his birth and devoted his time to farming. He was married May 25, 1803, to Anna Mayer, born March 5, 1783, in Pennsylvania, daughter of John Mayer. Shortly after their marriage they became residents of Union county, Ind., where Mr. Witter entered 160 acres of land which was covered with a heavy growth of timber. He cleared a small space, erected a log cabin and there the family lived for several years. Here Mrs. Witter died, November 15, 1832, leaving the following children: Samuel, Elizabeth, Catherine, John, Sarah, Jacob, George, Abraham, Mary, Anna and Susan. In May, 1833, Mr. Witter and children removed to this county and settled in German township, on the west side of Portage Prairie, having previously entered 160 acres of land there. Shortly after coming to German township he entered eighty acres for $100 and later secured forty acres of timber land for $50. The work of the pioneer was again gone through in erecting buildings and improving wild land, but Mr. Witter's former experience was of great benefit to him and he made rapid headway in his improvements. This farm continued to be his home until his death, May 23, 1864. The eldest son, Samuel, had married in Union county, Ind., and in 1830 settled in Cass county, Mich., but a few years later became a farmer of German township, St. Joseph county, Ind., where he lived many years, his death occurring in South Bend. George Witter, the immediate subject of this sketch, was reared in his native county until sixteen years of age, during which time he secured a practical education in the subscription schools then in vogue, and for two winter terms attended the district schools or German township. He assisted in the tedious and laborious task of improving the home farm, and to this end split rails, grubbed and followed the plow. Under these conditions he attained manhood, and, during his long residence here, has seen almost the entire development of the county, and witnessed its transformation from an almost unbroken wilderness into a thickly populated region dotted with magnificent and highly cultivated farms. On the 16th of February, 1840, he was married to Sarah Miller, a native of Wayne county, Ind., born November 1, 1822, a daughter of David and Sarah (Hardman) Miller. After their marriage they settled on a farm which Mr. Witter had purchased, consisting of eighty acres in the northern part of Section 30. Here he lived for twenty years. In 1860 he traded this land for a farm in Warren township, where he lived thirty-six years. In 1886 he located on the farm on which he is residing at the present time, consisting of seventy-four acres. He still owns 195 acres in Warren township. Since the organization of the Republican party he has always voted that ticket and previous to that time was a Whig. He has held various township offices, in all of which he has discharged his duties in an intelligent and capable manner. Mr. and Mrs. Witter are the parents of twelve children: Aaron, Albert, Martin, George I., Harrison, Adaline, Lucinda, Caroline, living, and the following who are deceased: Elizabeth A., Mary E., Phoebe J. and John W. Mr. and Mrs. Witter are members in good standing of the German Baptist Church, in which they have kept the faith for many years. They have brought up their children to be an honor to them and in the good graces of their acquaintances hold a prominent place as they fully deserve to do.

JACOB H. CHIRHART, deceased. In recounting the forces that have combined to make Elkhart county, Ind., what it is, more than a passing reference must be made to the life and labors of Jacob H. Chirhart, of whom it may be truthfully said that no one has done more to lay the foundation of the county's prosperity deep, and to build upon them surely and well. Mr. Chirhart was by birth a member of that valiant army of "Ohio men" who have had so potent an influence upon the country, his birth occurring at Canton on December 19, 1836, the son of Apollinaris and Mary (Meyer) Chirhart, the former of whom died at Canton when Jacob was about six months old. In 1845 the latter removed to St. Joseph county with his mother and settled in Harris township, but in 1865 took up his residence in Clay township, where agriculture received the greater part of his attention until his death, which occurred February 11, 1885. While a resident of Clay township he held the posi�tion of supervisor, and in everything to which he devoted his attention he was eminently successful, being especially so as a tiller of the soil, for prior to his death he had become the owner of 300 acres of land, the estate at present consisting of about 200 acres. On January 10, 1865, Mr. Chirhart won for his wife Miss Mary M. Talley, their union taking place at Notre Dame. She was born on August 22, --, in Hartford, Conn., to Alfred M. and Mary (Taylor) Talley, the former of whom was born in Augusta, Ga., February 19, 1806. When a lad he went to Charleston, S. C., and learned the printer's trade, which he followed many years. He was married in Hartford, Conn., January 15, 1832, to Mary Taylor, daughter of Solomon and Mary (Hawthorne) Taylor. In the early part of 1835 Mr. Talley removed to Chicago and purchased 106 acres of land near Evanston, for which he paid $1.50 per acre. He purchased this land with the intention of farming it and erected thereon a house, but shortly afterward entered the employ of John Wentworth, as foreman of the Chicago Democrat, at 45 La Salle street, and did an extensive business for several years. Joe Forest, who is still living in Chicago, was one of the editors. When the war came on the business was closed out. Mr. Talley had previously purchased 240 acres in Clay township, St. Joseph county, Ind., in the name of his children, and erected the handsome brick residence which adorns the property at the present time. At the time the Daily Democrat was discontinued Mr. Talley removed to his farm in this section, a short distance north of Notre Dame, and there conducted the publication of the Ave Maria at the college for about five years, he being its first practical manager. It was printed by hand press. He contributed much to the foundation and successful continuance of the magazine, which is now circulated extensively throughout the world. During the residence of Mr. Talley in Chicago he was one of the charter members of the Typographical Union and its first president. After continuing the magazine for about five years his health failed him and he retired from business pursuits and until his death, on November 28, 1870, he resided on his farm. His wife died in Chicago on August 31, 1852. After the death of Mr. Talley, whose loss was greatly deplored by all who knew him, Mr. Chirhart purchased the estate, and on this same farm Mrs. Chirhart is still living. She bore her husband the following children: Mary M., Henry A., Edward S., Celia J., Anna C. and Joseph M. Mary M. is the wife of George McCreary, and resides in South Bend; Henry A. married Miss Grace Pearce, and resides in Chicago; Edward S. is at home and has charge of the farm, and the other children also reside with their mother. Mr. Chirhart took a deeper interest in matters of a higher character than mere material things, and not only won an enviable reputation for public spirit, as shown in his various labors for the material and moral advancement of the county, but he was also admired and respected for personal and social qualities of the highest order. Mrs. Chirhart and family are members of the Catholic Church.

LEWIS GOOLEY, deceased. When a citizen of worth and character has departed from this life, it is meet that those who survive him should keep in mind his life work, and should hold up to the knowledge and emulation of the young his virtues and the characteristics which distinguished him and made him worthy the esteem of his neighbors. Therefore, the name of Lewis Gooley is presented to the readers of this volume as a public-spirited citizen and an agriculturist of sound judgment. He was born in France, August 15, 1813, a son of Dewalt and Barbara Gooley, and when fifteen years of age came with them to America and settled on a farm in Stark county, Ohio, where the father and mother spent the remainder of their days. Lewis grew to manhood in Stark county, and about the year 1845 came to St. Joseph county and took up his residence on a sixty-acre tract of land in Clay township, but by good management he afterward added to the same until he became the owner of about 200 acres before his death. He was married, April 14, 1845, to Sarah Shilling, who was born March 14, 1823, near Oil City, Penn., a daughter of Frederick and Mary (Rees) Shilling, natives of Switzerland, who came to America when young and settled in Pennsylvania, where they made their home until their respective deaths. After the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Gooley, they came to St. Joseph county and settled on the farm which Mrs. Gooley still occupies. There Mr. Gooley was called from life on March 26, 1887. He was always noted for his industry, was a good business manager and acquired a considerable amount of property, leaving to his family a comfortable competency at the time of his death. A family of ten children were born to Mr. Gooley and his wife, the following only of whom are living: Jacob, Lewis, at home, and David. The seven children who are dead were taken away by that dread disease - quick consumption - deeply mourned by the remainder of the family. Mrs. Gooley has su1fered greatly in thus losing her husband and children, but is devoting herself to the remainder of her family and to her many friends.

VERY REV. WILLIAM CORBY, C. S. C. Father Corby was born in Detroit, Mich., in 1833. His father, Daniel Corby, was born in King's county, Ireland, in 1798, and came to the New World a young, unmarried man. In Montreal, Canada, he wedded Miss Stapleton, a lady of rare beauty and numerous Christian virtues. She was noted in a special manner for her charity to the poor and infirm. Father William Corby was the fifth child of a large family. In early life he attended the public or district schools, open a few months each year, and when these schools were not in session, the father secured for his children the services of a private tutor. When not occupied with his studies William attended to various humble occupations under the direction of a good father who was a man of iron will, frugal in habits, a total abstinance man for more than forty years; thrifty and possessed of a liberal store of this world's goods. Mr. Corby determined to give his sons the best facilities for acquiring an education and with that object in view he sent William to the college of Notre Dame, Ind., where he arrived during the scholastic year 1852-3. When he arrived at Notre Dame he had no intention of joining the Order of the Holy Cross, but, captivated by the place, the people and the good work being done he determined, with God's help, to devote his life and energy to advancing the cause of Christian education. At once he joined the small band directed by the venerable Father Sorin, then laying the foundations of a great university in the forests of Indiana. Father Corby devoted every hour, even his vacations, to study. He never returned home to his father's house until he went as a newly ordained priest, to celebrate his first Mass in his old parish church surrounded by relatives and friends of his boyhood. The solemnity of the occasion caused the good old father of the young priest to shed tears of joy, and made him feel like a young man again.

Philosophy was Father Corby's favorite study, and this science he taught with success in his alma mater several years. At various terms he was prefect of the students, prefect of the study room, prefect of discipline and director of the manual labor school. While holding the latter position he attended, Sundays, St. Patrick's Church, South Bend. At the breaking out of the war he volunteered his services to the famous Irish Brigade of New York. He was appointed their chaplain in 1862, and for three years he was with them in all the principal battles fought by the Army of the Potomac, under MacClellan, Burnside, Hooker, Meade and Grant. Father Corby has now ready for press a book which gives a full account of his thrilling experiences during those stormy years. After his return from the war in 1865, he was for a few months in charge of St. Patrick's congregation, South Bend. He paid the debt on the church, finished and furnished a parochial residence and was the first Catholic pastor that ever resided in that city. Father Sorin and the chapter of the Order of the Holy Cross, determined to utilize Father Corby's rare executive ability by electing him, in 1865, vice-president of the University of Notre Dame, with Rev. P. Dillon as president. The old members of the faculty used to say the two made a "strong team." With great energy the old college of 1842-53 was soon changed into the noble building destroyed by fire in 1879. Before the students were out of the house at the close of the year, June, 1865, the main building and the wings were unroofed and later all the inside partitions and floors were taken out, leaving nothing except some outer walls. When the students returned the following September they found an imposing edifice 185x85 feet and six stories high, ready for class work, although in an unfinished condition. That year there was an entrance of over 500 students, not including the boys from the manual labor school or seminary. The following year Father Corby was elected president with Father Augustus Lemonnier as vice-president. There was a debt on the institution of $97,000 and an unfinished building to be completed. In less than five years this debt was paid and $80,000 besides expended on improvements. One of the first acts of Father Corby's administration was to remove to old Exhibition Hall to a more suitable site and enlarge the play ground from two acres to twenty-five acres, as they are at present. He founded the Notre Dame Scholastic, then called the Scholastic Year. The first number was published September 7, 1877, good Father Gillespie acting as editor. He engaged several persons to draw up a general plan for all the college grounds, according to which future buildings should be erected. Two plans were particularly good, one by the Rev. James Dillon, C. S. C., and the other by Rev. J. C. Carrier, C. S. C., were submitted to the council. After discussing the merits of each, Father Dillon's plan, modified by Father Carrier's idea, was adopted . It is on this plan that all the principal buildings have since been erected. During Father Corby's administration the law department was established and the scientific department commenced under the direction of Rev. J. C. Carrier, one of the ablest scientists of our day. Steps were also taken to found a medical department, with Rev. Louis Neron as dean. In 1868 a General Chapter of the Order of the Holy Cross held in Rome elected Father Corby provincial for the United States in place of Very Rev. Father Sorin, elected superior general of the order throughout the world. This office Father Corby held with that of president of Notre Dame until 1872, when another general chapter elected him to establish a branch institution at Watertown, Wis. After founding the College of the Sacred Heart, now in a flourishing condition under the presidency of Father O'Keefe, C. S. C., and building one of the largest churches in that State, he was, in 1877, re-elected president of Notre Dame, and shortly after provincial for the second time. Much energy was now in demand. Father Corby began his work by naming Rev. Thomas E. Walsh vice-president and director of studies, and Rev. Christopher Kelly prefect of discipline. Everyone worked hard and the college affairs brightened up for a while, until April 23, 1879, when the grand old college, with many other buildings, was reduced to ashes. The loss was more than a quarter of a million dollars, not counting priceless treasurers of art and science. No time could be lost, so all the students and faculty were called to the church, about the only building left stand�ing, and there Father Corby, with old-time war courage, made a bold, inspiring speech, telling all to return the following September, that classes would be resumed in a new building far superior to the one then in ashes. Then he sent the students to their homes and rushed to Chicago to engage architects. Men and teams were put to work before the fire was entirely extinguished. It took ninety men and thirty teams several weeks to remove the debris, dig up the old foundations, "not a stone of which was left upon a stone." Finally Mr. Edbrook, the famous Chicago architect, now inspecting architect for the United States Government, arrived with plans for the new college and in ninety days after the cornerstone was laid, the class rooms were thrown open on the first Tuesday of September, 1879; thus the promise made by Father Corby on the day of the fire was literally fulfilled. For the construction of the new building seven brick yards were bought up and 350 mechanics and laboring men were employed. Students flocked to Notre Dame from all parts of the country, and the university commenced a new era of prosperity. Father Corby continued in the presidency until 1881, when his services were again demanded at Watertown, Wis. The debt on the lately established branch house having increased, he was obliged to return and help put the establishment on a better footing. With considerable vigor he nearly wiped out a debt of $22,000 and built a fine new parochial residence. In 1885 he was for the third time called to fill the office of provincial, which he held until August, 1892, when the General Chapter of the order re-elected him provincial superior of the United States and first assistant general for the entire world. Father Corby's natural disposition is mild, but with his military experience and his subsequent experience in administration, he cultivated, as duty demanded, the quality of firmness. This added to his genial disposition, makes him a general favorite. He is one of the most charitable and kind-hearted of men, sincere in his friendships and devotedly attached to the society of which he is a member. He never forgets a kindness and never stoops to resent an injury. Assisted as he is by cheerful, intelligent and willing confreres, who all love him, his work gives satisfaction to everyone. As may be seen from the above sketch, he is an intelligent organizer and possesses more than ordinary executive ability.

JOSEPH E. MULLIGAN. Among the sons of Pennsylvania who have brought with them to this western land the sturdy habits of independence, integrity and industry which have ever marked the natives of the Keystone State, it is a pleasure to name Mr. Mulligan, whose beautiful and well-tilled farm of 136 acres (twelve of which is in timber) is located within the confines of Clay township. Mr. Mulligan's native county was Crawford, where he was born August 2, 1851, to Patrick and Elizabeth (Downey) Mulligan, who were natives of County Cavan, Ireland, the birth of the father occurring in 1801. He was brought up to a farm life in his native land and about the year 1828 was married to Elizabeth Downey. He crossed the ocean to America in 1847, and settled in Crawford county, Penn., where he made his home until the fall of 1851, when the family removed to near Dayton, Mich., and there spent the following year. At the end of this time they settled in the southeast part of Berrien county, near the line of pass county, Mich., but in 1859 came to St. Joseph county, Ind., and took up their residence in Clay township, near Notre Dame. In 1864 they settled on the place where the son Joseph E. now resides, in Section 13, where Mr. Mulligan lived until his death. April 4, 1883. His wife survived him until April 24, 1883, when she, too, paid the last debt of nature. She presented her husband with eight children: Catherine, Owen, Patrick, Ann, Margaret, Mary (deceased), Elizabeth and Joseph E. Although Mr. Mulligan was born in Pennsylvania, the greater portion of his life has been spent in St. Joseph county, Ind., as he was but; eight years of age when his parents came to Clay township. He was educated in the public schools of the township, and during the many years that he has spent in this section the people have had every opportunity to know and judge his character and qualifications and naught has ever been said derogatory to either. He has devoted his life to farming and in this occupation has been deservedly successful, and is now in command of a comfortable competency. On May 27, 1884, he was married to Miss Ellen Haney, who was born April 24, 1862, in Springfield, Ill., the daughter of Patrick and Elizabeth (Stipes) Haney, the former a native of Ireland, and the latter of Illinois. The following children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Mulligan: Joseph, Edward, Elizabeth, Leo and George. Mr. and Mrs. Mulligan are members of the Catholic Church, and the men and measures of the Democrat party have always received Mr. Mulligan's support.

JOHN REDMOND. Many of the best known farmers and residents of St. Joseph county, Ind., have been born in the Emerald Isle, and this is the case with Mr. Redmond, for to county Wexford, Ireland, he owes his nativity, his birth occurring on November 12, 1822. His parents, William and Catherine (Berry) Redmond, were also born in Ireland, but the family originally came from England. William Redmond was reared on the Isle of Erin and there followed the calling of plow maker. Lawrence, the father of William, was a farmer. The marriage of William Redmond resulted in the birth of five children: Patrick, John, James, Mary and Catherine. John Redmond was reared on a farm in his native land and to that occupation has devoted his life. He was married in Ireland to Alice Summers, and their union resulted in the birth of one child: Edward. Mrs. Redmond died in Ireland, and in 1856 Mr. Redmond came to America and at once turned his footsteps in the direction of St. Joseph county, Ind., and for several years made his home with his brother-in-law, Edward Summers, in Olive township near Carlisle. On May 30, 1861, he was married to Catherine Layden, who was born in County Clare, Ireland, January 6, 1849, and came to America with her parents, Patrick and Mary (Kirby) Layden, when about thirteen years of age. The Layden family settled on a farm near Hillsdale, Mich., where the father spent the remainder of his days, dying October 25, 1891. His wife died in Ireland when her daughter Catherine was about six years old, and the mother of Mr. Layden came to America and reared his two little daughters, the other child's name being Julia. After Mr. Redmond's marriage he located in Clay township, St. Joseph Co., Ind., and there they have since made their home. In November, 1876, Mr. Redmond purchased the farm where he now lives, which consists, at the present time, of 115 acres, about one hundred of which are under cultivation. This place is well conducted and shows that a man of thrift and intelligence has the management of affairs. Mr. Redmond and his family are members of the Catholic Church. In politics Mr. Redmond is a Democrat. He is a man of sound judgment; is energetic, charitable and liberal, and is considered by all a decided acquisition to the section in which he resides. He and his wife have four children: James I., born May 10, 1862; William B., born July 19, 1864; John P., born March 18, 1868, and Mary C., born August 7, 1873. The second son, William B., was married February 27, 1890, to Martha Akers, who was born April 2, 1891, in Hardin county, Ky., a daughter of George W. and Ann (White) Akers. Mr. and Mrs. Redmond are the parents of two children: Alma, born February 2, 1891, and Mary, born May 6, 1892. William B. and his wife reside in Senora, Ky., and are engaged in tilling the soil. James I., the eldest son of John, is the present assessor of Clay township, being elected to that office in the spring of 1890, for four years on the Democratic ticket. This is one of the worthy families of the county, each and every member of which is well known and highly respected.

JAMES L. ROBISON. This experienced and successful miller of Clay township thoroughly understands every detail of his line of work, and the superiority of his product is well known and has become the means of placing it in every well-conducted grocery establishment in the county, which is, without doubt, the strongest endorsement the flour could have. Mr. Robison was born in Erie county, Penn., April 16, 1832, to James and Betsy (Gouldin) Robison, the former of whom was born in New York and the latter in Pennsylvania. The father was born and reared in Rochester, and during his youth learned the miller's trade in that famous city of grist-mills, to which occupation he devoted his attention the greater part of his life. He was married in Erie county, Penn., to Betsy Gouldin, a daughter of Naham Gauldin, who was born and reared on Long Island, N. Y. The wife of Mr. Gouldin was of Scotch descent. To Mr. and Mrs. Robison seven children were born: Clara, Jane, Louis, Louisa (deceased), Philenia, Alonzo and James L. After the celebration of Mr. Robison's marriage, he and his wife resided in Erie county, Penn., until their respective deaths, the former always devoting his attention to the occupation of milling, in which he was successful and proficient. James L. Robison, his son, was reared in his native county and learned milling under his father, in whom he had an experienced and intelligent teacher. He remained with his parents until he was twenty-one years old, but in 1853 removed to Coldwater, Mich., and purchased sixty acres of land near Batavia, where he successfully tilled the soil until 1887, when he disposed of his property there and purchased the grist-mill in Clay township, on the St. Joseph River, which he now owns and very successfully operates. Mr. Robison was married in September, 1870, to Miss Mary Ensley, who was born in Branch county, Mich., to George and Lydia (Great) Ensley, native Ohioans, who were early residents of the "Lake State." The marriage of Mr. Robison has resulted in the birth of five children: Jay, Cora, Fred, Bessie and Frank (deceased). Mr. Robison has always supported the Democratic party, and is an intelligent, well-posted and public-spirited man on all subjects.

THOMAS B. CHALFANT. The gentleman whose name is at the head of this sketch, although no longer of earth, still holds a firm position in the memory and affection of his family and the numerous friends he won by his correct manner of living. He was born in Wayne county, Ind., February 18, 1820, son of Evan and Anna (Bulla) Chalfant, the former of whom was born in Pennsylvania August 24, 1796, and in that section was reared. When a young man he took up his residence in Wayne county, Ind., where he met and married Anna Bulla, a North Carolinian by birth, who was born December 26, 1799. Evan Chalfant arrived with his family in St. Joseph county, Ind., November 1, 1832, and settled on a tract of land in Section 31, Clay township, where he made his home until his death, January 19, 1870. The land which he entered and upon which he settled borders on the corporate limits of South Bend on the north, but at that time was an unbroken wilderness, which Mr. Chalfant brought under cultivation through his own persistent efforts. When the family reached South Bend they passed through the village, and on Saturday night before the presidential election of 1832 they camped on the ground where the Notre Dame University building now stands, and the following week selected a farm. Mr. Chalfant was left a widower in March, 1849. The subject of this sketch, Thomas B. Chalfant, was a lad of twelve years when his parents moved to St. Joseph county. He was one of a family of six children, and upon the old homestead in Clay township he grew to manhood, with the exception of three years that were spent in working at the carpenter's trade in South Bend. He was first married in 1848 to Miss Jane Melling, who was born in Ohio in 1825 and died in 1861, having become the mother of four children, two of whom are living: Nancy J. and Evan T. On April 21, 1864, Mr. Chalfant took for his second wife Miss Eleanor C. Alford, who was born August 5, 1840, in Elkhart county, Ind., a daughter of Robert and Sarah (Cart) Alford, the former being a native of Greenbrier county, Va., born April 28, 1804, settling in Harrison township, Elkhart county, Ind., in 1842. He afterward became a resident of Elkhart township, where many years of his life were spent. His death occurred at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Chalfant, April 25, 1888, in Clay township, St. Joseph Co., Ind. Mrs. Alford was a native of Virginia, born May 5, 1808, and her death occurred February 17, 1880. Mrs. Chalfant bore her husband three children: Anna L., Mary L. and Robert G. Mr. Chalfant was a farmer of the progressive kind, and became the owner of about 165 acres of land adjoining the city limits of South Bend, which under his intelligent and progressive management became a model farm in every respect. He was a member of the county Grange, and for a long time was its treasurer. Coming from the Quaker settlement of Richmond., and related to some of the most influential Quakers there who were members of the famous "Underground Railroad, " he was naturally a Republican in politics and very active. From the organization of that party he was rarely absent from the councils of his party, and ever exercised his right of franchise. He served one or more terms as trustee of Clay township, but was rather averse to holding office. He had the respect and esteem of all who knew him, for all respected and admired his many noble qualities, his generosity and his natural kindness of heart. He died on the farm where so many of the active years of his life were passed July 20, 1892, deeply mourned by his family and friends. His brother, Evan Chalfant, was a soldier in the Mexican war, and while serving his country efficiently and faithfully was called from life. Mrs. Chalfant is still residing on the home farm, is in good financial circumstances, and enjoys the esteem of many friends. She is a member of the Presbyterian Church, in which faith she was reared by her parents, who were members of that church for many years. A brother, John Chalfant, of Missouri, is the only living member of the family.

ANDREW J. GREENWOOD. In scanning the lives and careers of the citizens of Clay township, it is pleasant to note the exercise of enterprise in every walk of life, and the achievement of success in every department of business. This one is enabled to discern in the career of Mr. Greenwood, who has for many years been a successful farmer and carpenter of St. Joseph county. He was born in Cumber�land county, Penn., October 3, 1836, son of William and Susan (Pancake) Greenwood, the former's birth occurring in Cumberland county also, on September 27, 1809. A considerable portion of his youth was spent in learning the wagon maker's trade, and for thirty years he was engaged in the manufacture of wagons and agricultural implements in his native county. During his residence there he was first lieutenant of the Cumberland Guards. His father, John Greenwood, was born in England about the year 1781, and when a child of three years was brought to this country by his parents, who settled in the city of Philadelphia. Here John was reared and learned the shoemakers' trade, to which occupation his attention was devoted for many years. He was married to a Miss Ferguson, a relative of Major Ferguson, who was killed at King's Mountain during the Revolutionary war. To them seven children were born, five sons and two daughters. John Greenwood died at the home of his son William, about 1850, his wife's death having occurred about seven years prior to that time. In the spring of 1857 William Greenwood removed to Ohio, and after three years' residence in the vicinity of Worcester, removed to Ashland county, Ohio, where he purchased a farm. He afterwards lived in Richland county, and May 7, 1888, died in Independence, Ohio. His widow survives him and resides in Independence, having become the mother of seven children: Andrew J., Henrietta, Adaline, Van Buren (deceased), Ann, Emma and William. Andrew J. Greenwood was reared in his native State, and during his youth learned to make wagons and plows in his father's manufacturing establishment. When twenty-one years of age he removed to Ohio, and in the spring of 1858, came to St. Joseph county, landing in South Bend on the 22d of June of that year. He worked at the carpenter's trade with undoubted success for about thirty years after coming to this county, and many of the finest residences and barns in this section are the monuments of his skill and thorough knowledge of his calling. In 1862 he located in German township, where he bought some land and made his home during the years that he devoted to his trade. In 1860 he went with a party of twelve to Colorado; crossing the plains overland to Pike's Peak, where he engaged in mining. He was married October 31, 1861, to Permelia Longley, born April 2, 1836, in Madison township, St. Joseph county, daughter of Thomas and Mary (Ruple) Longley, natives of Somerset county, Penn., and pioneers of St. Joseph county, becoming residents of Madison township in 1833. In 1888 Mr. Greenwood settled on the farm where he now resides in Clay township, which consists of 120 acres of wel1 improved land. They not only enjoy a comfortable competency, but the friendship of all who know them, and are honored residents of the section in which they have so long made their home. They are members of the German Baptist Church, and Mr. Greenwood is a Democrat politically. He and his wife are the parents of six children: Charles (deceased), Grace, Gertrude, May, Homer C. and Eva, the living members of which family do credit to the parents who reared them.

G. FRANK KIEFER. One of the successful agriculturists of Clay township, St. Joseph Co., Ind., who is as conspicuous for his modest and retiring nature as for his intelligence and ability, is he whose name is at the head of this sketch. Although his farm comprises but ninety-eight acres, it is a part of the old homestead and is so admirably tilled and every detail so carefully and intelligently looked after, that it is much more profitable than many other larger farms. Mr. Kiefer is a native of Clay township, his birth occurring February 2, 1858, his parents being John and Elizabeth (Protsman) Kiefer, the birth of the former taking place in Germany, July 8, 1818. He was a son of Peter Kiefer, who came to America in 1825, settling in Stark county, Ohio, and a few years later in St. Joseph county, being among the pioneers of Harris township. John Kiefer was married in Michigan to Elizabeth Protsman, a native of Ohio, and after their marriage they located on the homestead in Harris township, and during the thirties purchased a farm in Clay township, on which the son, G. Frank Kiefer, now lives. At the time of Mr. Kiefer's settlement the only improvement which had been made on the place was a small log cabin, and on him devolved the clearing and cultivation of the farm, and in this he was remarkably successful, and made one of the finest farms in the county, well improved with substantial and commodious buildings. Here he made his home until his death, January 24, 1892, his wife's death having taken place September 23, 1881. They were the parents of eight children: Jacob H., Eliza A., John W., D. Wesley, D. Cyrus, G. Frank, and Harvey, and Clara who died in infancy. The eldest son, Jacob H., enlisted in Company D, Eighty-seventh Indiana Volunteer Infantry in 1862, and took part in all the engagements in which his regiment participated. He was taken prisoner and confined in Andersonville, where he died from starvation and exposure. G. Frank Kiefer was reared in Clay township, and in the schools of the same was educated. He was married March 26, 1884, to Millie L. Young, who was born March 5, 1860, in Harris township, daughter of Jacob and Catherine (Kocher) Young. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Kiefer has resulted in the birth of one child: Ethel May, who was born in South Bend, Ind., August 25, 1885, and is an intelligent and promising child. Mr. and Mrs. Kiefer are members in good standing of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics he is a stanch Republican.

Deb Murray