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E. W. KIZER, Osceola, Ind. Our subject is one of the old settlers of St. Joseph county, Ind., of German-English descent. His great-grandfather, Peter Kizer, was a native of Pennsylvania, married and had the following family: Peggy, Mary, Jesse, Henry, Jacob and Peter. The occupation of Mr. Kizer was farming, and his death occurred in the Keystone State. Peter Kizer, Jr., son of the above and the grandfather of our subject, was born in Lancaster county, Pa., married there Catherine Farce, daughter of William Farce, who belonged to the same family as the Wilberforce family. Peter Kizer and wife were the parents of fourteen children, as follows: Sarah, who died when a young woman; Jacob, who died when a young man; William, who died when an infant; Henry, Jesse P., Peter, Ebeneezer, Abraham, James, Eliza, Katie A., Hannah (deceased), Jane and Minerva. Peter Kizer left Pennsylvania and settled at Cadiz, Ohio, where he remained some years and then moved to Wayne county, Ohio, where he bought 160 acres of land, for which he paid $480. He settled in the woods before anyone else had come there, cleared up a good farm, made improvements, passed there the remainder of his days and died in 1850, seventy-six years of age. Both Mr. and Mrs. Kizer were members of the Methodist Church, and Mr. Kizer was a substantial pioneer farmer and at his death left one of the best farms in Wayne county. He was a hard working and upright citizen, respected by all. Abraham Kizer, father of our subject, was born October 6, 1825, in Wayne county. He received the pioneer education of those days, in an old log school-house, with split logs for benches, and the reading books for the pupils were the New Testament and the Columbian Orator. He attended school during the winter season for several years, and thus learned a common-school education. He learned to work on the farm, and thus grew to manhood. and February 29, 1849, he married Caroline Hoffheimer, daughter of John and Mary Hoffheimer, of a Pennsylvania-German family, who were old settlers of Medina county, Ohio. To Mr. and Mrs. Kizer were born six children: Julian, who died the age of eleven years; Malinda, who died after marriage; Marcellus, who died at the age of seven years; Mary E., who died at the age of two years; Ephraim, who died an infant; and Ephraim W. Mr. Kizer remained on the home farm until after the death of his parents, in 1852, coming to St. Joseph county and settling northwest of South Bend, where he lived for two years on the St. Joseph River, four miles from South Bend. Then he bought eighty acres next to the Portage Chapel, cleared up this farm from the wilderness and bought six acres more. In 1863 he moved to Berrian county, Mich., lived there two years and then returned to St. Joseph county and lived for six years, one mile east of Mishawaka, and then lived for twelve years three miles south of Osceola. In 1863 he bought ninety acres of land which constituted his present farm, and on this he has made good improvements. Mrs. Kizer died June 12, 1891, a devout member of the Methodist Church, of which Mr. Kizer is also a member, and in which he has been a class-leader for fifteen years. Mr. Kizer has always been a man of active mind, and until the formation of the Greenback patty had always voted the Democratic ticket. In later years he has voted the Prohibition ticket. He has passed a life of industry and reaps the reward, possessing a good farm and residence, is in comfortable circumstances; stands deservedly high as an honorable citizen, and is a vigorous and fine example of an American pioneer farmer. Ephraim W., son of the above, and our subject, was born July 15, 1856, on his father's farm north of South Bend, was reared a farmer and received the common-school education of the district. Later he supplemented this with a season at the Normal School at Valparaiso, Ind., taught school in this county for three terms and then engaged in farming and in the agricultural implement business in connection with it. Now our subject is engaged in the breeding and raising of fast horses, owning at the present time two of the fastest horses in St. Joseph county, one of which, the stallion, "S. W. Bennett," son of "Pilot Medium," is a standard bred trotting horse, and is the fastest stallion in St. Joseph county, having a record of 2:23 1/2 on a half-mile track. His mare, "Betty K.," standard and registered, with a record of 2:26 1/2 on a mile track, is another fine animal. Mr. Kizer is now devoting his attention to the horse business, which he intends to develop. He is a man of education, great intelligence and excellent business ability, and as his personal habits are above reproach, never having indulged in either beer, whisky or tobacco, he is worthy to be considered one of the best citizens of this fine old county. Although he votes the Democratic ticket, he takes but little interest in local politics. On April 8, 1877, he married Olive Teel, daughter of Simeon and Mary (Nossinger) Teel. Simeon Teel was born in Union county, Ohio, March 13, 1820. His grandfather came from Germany to England, thence to America and settled in Lancaster county, Penn. He had three sons, Adam, Alexander and Benjamin, one of whom became the father of Simeon. The grandfather took part in the Revolutionary war. Simeon married Mary Hoffsinger, daughter of Joseph and grand-daughter of Andrew Hoffsinger, who was the first settler in Elkhart county, in 1825. The Teel family was as follows: Nancy J., Annetta A., Laura A., Emma, Mary O., William M., Ella N. and Edith A. Mr. Teel settled in Elkhart county, Ind, there became a prominent farmer and died March 6, 1888. Both Mr. and Mrs. Teel were members of the United Brethren Church. Mr. and Mrs. Kizer have one daughter, Maud, born October 1, 1886. Mrs. Kizer is a member of the Methodist Church. Mr. Kizer is a substantial man and stands high as a citizen, is well known throughout the county and has an enviable reputation for integrity of character. In 1892 he founded the Walnut Valley Stock farm. This is pleasantly located south of Osceola, and has excellent facilities for becoming widely known.

�Pictorial and Biographical Memoirs of Elkhart and St. Joseph Counties, Indiana
Together with Biographies of Many Prominent Men of Northern Indiana and the Whole State, Both Living and Dead�
Goodspeed Brothers Publishers, Chicago
1893
John Morris Co. Printers and Binders

FRANCIS M. JACKSON, deputy prosecuting attorney for the Thirty-second Judicial Division, embracing St. Joseph and La Porte counties. The bar of South Bend, Ind., contains among its members many of the brightest, most learned and most proficient lawyers in the country. Some of them are prominent in political life as well as in the professional arena, and many of them are identified with the public institutions and business corporations of the city. Such an one is Francis M. Jackson, who was born in German township of this county March 6, 1864, son of William O. Jackson, a successful tiller of the soil of German township, who was born in Ohio, was brought to St. Joseph county, Ind., and is now fifty-seven years of age. His wife was formerly, Miss Elizabeth Chamberlain, a native of Ohio also, who became a resident of this State and county when twelve years of age. Francis M. Jackson was the fourth of eight children born to this worthy couple, spent his early life in discharging such duties as fall to the lot of the farmer's boy, and after receiving a practical education in the schools of the rural district, he spent one year in the Valparaiso Normal School. Immediately following this he began teaching at the Stover School-house in Clay township, but in the summer of 1884 entered upon the study of law at Valparaiso. In order to procure means with which to pursue his studies, he again taught school in the winter of 1884-5, following that occupation with success in Green township of this county. In the summer of 1885 he came to South Bend and read law in the office of J. P. Creed, after which he spent one year in the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, pursuing his legal studies. In the spring of 1886 he was admitted to the St. Joseph county bar and immediately thereafter opened an office, hung out his shingle and waited for clients. His period of probation was not long, however, and he was soon in the enjoyment of a fair practice, but in 1887 he decided to go to Great Bend, Kan., and there he remained until the fall of the following year. He then returned to South Bend and formed a co-partnership with Hon. T. E. Howard, which continued until April, 1891. At this time, on account of ill health, M. P. D. Connolly, prosecuting attorney of this district, was compelled to give up his duties and Mr. Jackson took charge of all the business of the office. He has been a valuable factor in the district government, and in all his relations has exhibited true citizenship and a zealous adherence to correct and conservative principles. In 1890 Miss Belle L. Judie became his wife, she being a native of the county, a daughter of Paul Judie, and a former pupil of Mr. Jackson's. The latter has always supported the principles of Democracy, and socially is a member of South Bend Lodge, No. 29, of the I. O. O. F., the Red Men and the Royal Arcanum. His career thus far has been one of gratifying success, and his record in the past will insure him a successful future.

JACOB HOSE is a substantial citizen of St. Joseph county, Ind., and from early boyhood has devoted his attention to farming interests, being now the owner of an excellent tract of land comprising 100 acres, which is the result of earnest and persistent toil, as well as progressive and enlightened views. His father, Peter Hose, came from Germany, but prior to that time had married Elizabeth Freese, by whom he became the father of seven children: Peter, Jacob, John, Henry, Christian, Philip and Elizabeth. After spending some time in the State of New York, Mr. Hose removed to Ohio and from there to St. Joseph county, Ind., about 1852, settling on a small farm on which he made his home until after the great Civil war, when he removed to Shelby county, Mo., where he was called from life at the age of seventy years. His first wife died in St. Joseph county and he afterward married again. He was a member of the German Presbyterian Church, and an industrious and upright citizen. Jacob Hose first saw the light of day in the State of New York and when about nine years of age came to St. Joseph county, Ind., with his parents and in the district schools of this section he acquired a practical education, sufficient to fit him for the successful conduct of his business. Having been brought up to a knowledge of farm work he began working out for the different farmers of the neighborhood at the age of thirteen years, continuing thus employed until the firing on Fort Sumter. However, his youth prevented him from entering the service until December 4, 1863, when he became a member of Company D, One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, enlisting at Mishawaka and serving until honorably discharged May 27, 1865, at Jefferson Hospital, where he had been for some time on account of a gunshot wound which he had received and which eventually resulted in a stiff knee. He was in the engagements of Lost Mountain, Tenn., Atlanta, Peach Tree Creek, Buzzard Roost and Franklin, Tenn., where he received his wound. He was carried off the field about dark and taken to Nashville, by ambulance, eighteen miles away and from there to Louisville, Ky., thence to Jeffersonville Hospital, Indianapolis, where he remained until discharged. The ball was removed from his knee after his return home, after he had carried it one year and nine months. He was one of the faithful soldiers of the war, and about one month before his discharge had been promoted to the position of sergeant. While in the service he was sick with small-pox for about one month. He was disabled for about three years after the war, but at the end of that time rented a small farm, and April 23, 1868, led to the altar Miss Sarah J., daughter of Samuel and Sarah (Byrkett) Akins, who presented him with a family of six children: Charles, Cora, Flora, William W., Gracie B., James M., and two children that died in infancy. After residing on rented land for a short time Mr. Hose purchased 40 acres in Penn township, on which his home continued to be for five years, at the end of which time he settled in Mishawaka and followed the calling of a teamster. Upon disposing of his real estate he bought his present property, or rather a portion of it, but increased it by subsequent purchase and is now the owner of a fertile and well improved farm of 100 acres, on which he has a comfortable residence and where he makes a good living. As a citizen he stands deservedly high in the estimation of his fellows, and he is also a kind husband and father and an excellent neighbor. His children are intelligent and well educated, a credit to himself and wife, and give every promise of becoming substantial and law-abiding citizens. Mr. Hose's judgment has led him to support Republican principles on all occasions, and he and his amiable wife have long been members of the Methodist Church.

JACOB B. EBY, Osceola, Ind. Our subject is one of the solid and prosperous farmers of Penn township, a good citizen and a descendant of good old Pennsylvania Dutch stock (see sketch of Jacob Eby). He was born on his father's farm, near Waterloo, Canada, October 12, 1851, was brought up on the farm and came with his father to St. Joseph county in 1861, on the 4th of March, being then ten years of age. He attended the common schools of the district and married, September 16, 1872, Elizabeth Wenger, born July 5, 1857, daughter of Henry and Margaret (Wanner) Wenger. Henry Wenger was born in Lancaster county, Penn., was a Mennonite in religion and the father of twelve children, as follows: Samuel, Maria (who died young), Ann, Elizabeth, Susannah, Daniel, Henry, Abraham, David, Mattie, Mary and Margaret. Mr. Wenger settled in Ohio at an early day, in Stark county, none of his children, except Samuel, having been born in Pennsylvania. Later be removed to Franklin county and then to Seneca county, but about 1866 be removed to Elkhart county, Ind., and settled in Olive township on a good farm of eighty acres. He was an upright, industrious man, respected by all. He was a devoted Christian and an honored citizen. In his political faith he was a Republican. His son Samuel married Lydia Topper, is a thresher, lives in Penn township and has six children; Ann married Cyrus Eby, a farmer of Penn township, and has seven children; Elizabeth married Jacob B. Eby, a farmer of Penn township, and has eight children (Cyrus and Jacob B. Eby being brothers); Susan married Joseph Haun, a farmer of Madison township, and has five children; Daniel married Annie Holderman, is a farmer of Olive township in Elkhart county, and has three children; Henry married Elizabeth Schrock, is a farmer of Olive township and has one child; Abraham married Alice Holderman, sister to Daniel's wife, and he is a farmer of Elkhart county and has two children; David married Eva S. Loucks, is a farmer of Olive township and has one child; Mattie, yet single; Mary married Jacob H. Loucks, brother to David's wife, who is a farmer of Olive township and has two children; and Margaret married Martin Bloucker, a farmer of Olive township, and has one child. After marriage Jacob B. Eby settled on the old Eby homestead, where his father settled after he removed from Canada. Eight children of Mr. and Mrs. Eby are as follows: Mary, born December 2,1873; Margaret, born March 29, 1876; Annas, born November 22, 1877; Walter, born June 26, 1880; Jacob W., born December 28, 1882; Mervin, born March 9, 1886; Ralph, born August 29, 1889, and Ira Eby, born October 13, 1892. Mr. Eby is a practical farmer, who, by industry and perseverance bas acquired 120 acres of land, with excellent improvements. In 1890 he built a substantial and tasteful two-story brick residence finished in hardwood, everything handy and in good style. Mr. Eby is a self-made man and has made his own way, and his accumulations are the result of honest endeavor and hard labor. Politically he is a Republican, is a man of intelligence, takes the newspapers and keeps up to the times, being well informed on the leading subjects of the day. His daughter Mary married, December 6, 1890, John W. Eby, a farmer of Madison township, and they have one son, Walter J. Eby, who was born April 28, 1891. All of the children of our subject received good educations in the district schools and Margaret attended the normal school at Valparaiso, Ind. Mr. Eby had an experience while hunting with his brothers, Seth and Cyrus, and Ensign Hummel. They came across a doe, five miles south and one mile west of his present home. Jacob and his brother Seth raised their rifles simultaneously and both balls struck him and the doe fell dead. This was the last deer killed in this vicinity.

JOHN H. MARTIN. Osceola. Ind. Among the old soldiers whose life records are to be found in the annals of St. Joseph county, and whose bravery and endurance upon the battlefield and on the march is well known, is John H. Martin, one of the prominent citizens of the county. His grandfather was one of the pioneers of this section and settled five miles north of Mishawaka, where he reared his family. William, his son and father of John H., was born in Pennsylvania, but became a resident of St. Joseph county when a boy and upon reaching manhood became a farmer and a boatman on the St. Joseph River. He married Permilla Harris, daughter of Jacob and Susanna (Hartman) Harris, the former of whom was the first white settler of Harris township. He cleared a good farm of 200 acres on which he died in 1859. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Martin resulted in the birth of seven children: George W., Jennie, John H., Mary E., Alvira, Jacob T., and Francis M. (who died at the age of six weeks, at the same time its mother died). Mr. Martin was a gold digger of 1849, crossing the plains during the great excitement and died while in the West, his wife having died a few years earlier. John H. Martin was born one mile north of South Bend, March 11, 1844, and at the early age of seven years was left an orphan with his own way to make in the world. He therefore gained but a limited education, but succeeded in acquiring a fair knowledge of farming, which occupation he followed until he enlisted in the service of his country, August 2, 1862, becoming a member of Company K, Eighty-seventh Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, with which he served in a very faithful and praiseworthy manner for ten months, when he was honorably discharged in May, 1863, being injured by a fall in a skirmish at Nolandsvil1e, Tenn., which resulted in the necessary amputation of his left leg, near the body, after his return home. This operation was performed in the spring of 1864, and until that time he suffered in an untold manner. In 1869 he married Lizzie Pierson, daughter of Joseph Pierson, and their union has resulted in the birth of a son. William R., who is married and living at Ogden, Utah. Mrs. Martin was called from life May 4, 1884, and Mr. Martin took for his second wife Jennie D. Norwood, who was born November 23, 1860, a daughter of Francis A. and Nancy (Mikel) Norwood. Mr. Norwood was born in Ohio of English parents and when a young man became a citizen of St. Joseph county, his marriage resulting in the birth of two children: Jennie D. and Minerva A. He was a soldier in Company K, Fifty-seventh Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, in which he enlisted October 16, 1862, receiving his discharge on the 25th of February, 1863. He is now living in Osceola. Mr. and Mrs. Martin have one child, Ida M., born March 26, 1888. In 1870 Mr. Martin bought his present home, consisting of twelve acres of nicely improved land, on which he erected a substantial and tasteful residence. He devotes his land to the culture of fruit. He has always been a Republican politically, and being an honorable, upright man, a leader in all good causes he has a great many friends and is deservedly popular. He has held the offices of constable and census taker, the latter in 1890, and discharged his duties with aptitude and faithfulness. He is of the stuff of which model citizens are made, being patriotic and loyal to the core and public spirited to a degree.

D. E. CUMMINS, dentist. Perhaps no public servant deserves more grateful recognition at our hands than the dentist, and among its most successful adherents may be mentioned Dr. Cmnmins who is a thorough master of his art, both in its mechanical and scientific features, and possesses an exceedingly light and gentle touch, consequently the best possible results are obtained. His office is equipped with every kind of modern apparatus which is known to the science of dentistry, and which will in any way tend to alleviate the sufferings of patients. Teeth are extracted, filled and adjusted with the best skill and judgment, at prices which are always very moderate. He was born in Armstrong county, Penn., September 5, 1847, to W. S. and Isabelle M. (George) Cummins, who were also Pennsylvanians. His initiatory training was received in the common schools and academy, but at the age of nineteen years he left the shelter of the parental roof and entered upon the profession of dentistry, and for the first year worked for his board with his brother, S. M. After remaining with him four years he, in November, 1870, came to South Bend with about $450, and hung out his shingle to let people know what his calling was and that he desired their patronage. Although but a youth he soon built up a fine practice and he has now the finest and best equipped office in northern Indiana. He moved from the old Colfax Building to his present commodious quarters in 1887, where his patrons immediately followed him. He is located on the corner of Colfax avenue and Main streets, being the owner of the block in which he conducts his business, which is one of the handsomest structures in the city. He is also the owner of some valuable residence property, all of which he has acquired by his own efforts. He is not only one of the finest dentists in the State but is a shrewd business man as well, his knowledge of the business affairs of life being keen, far-seeing and practical. He is a member of the A. F. & A. Y., the Royal Arcanum and the National Union. In 1871 he was married to Miss Etta Lowry, of Elkhart, by whom he has two children: Maud and Grace. The Doctor has been a trustee in the Presbyterian Church for twelve years. Politically he has always been a strong Republican.

MRS. DOROTHY SANDILANDS, Mishawaka, Ind. This estimable lady is one of the pioneer residents of Mishawaka and has passed nearly all her long and honored life in this town. She was born in Liddesdale, Rocksburyshire, Scotland, May 10, 1815, her ancestors having lived in that shire for many generations and were Scotch Presbyterians. Her father, George Oliver, was born in Liddesdale and by occupation was a shepherd. He married. Bessie Irwin and to them eight children were given: George, John, Andrew, Jesse, Dorothy, Robert, William, James, all of whom were reared on the braes of bonnie Scotland. George Oliver came to America in 1835 and brought his family with him, except three children who had preceded him, and had settled near the town of Lyons, N. Y., and there Mr. Oliver remained for one year, then came to what is now Mishawaka, south of the river. He was very lame from the effects of a fall in Scotland many years before and could do no work after he came to the town, dying September 6, 1837 at the age of sixty-seven years. Throughout his life his career was marked by honesty and industry and he was accordingly highly respected. His widow survived him many years and died June 27, 18- at the age of eighty-six years. She was a devout member of the Presbyterian Church. The daughter, Dorothy Oliver, was married to Alexander Sandilands whose birthplace was Edinboro, Scotland, where he first saw the light of day in 1806, his father bearing the same name and being a Scotch Presbyterian in religious belief. Alexander Sandilands, Jr., received a good common-school education and in his early manhood learned the wagon maker's trade in his native land, a calling he followed after coming to this country, in the city of Buffalo, N. Y. He was there married to Annie Dickey, and to them were born two children: Jane, who died at the age of seven years and Ann, who died in Kansas, a married woman, leaving three children. After the death of his wife Mr. Sandilands lived in Detroit for some time, but in 1834 became a citizen of Mishawaka, Ind., obtaining employment in an iron furnace of this place, working as a pattern and flask maker. He was very skillful, and for many years was with the St. Joseph Iron Company, after which he spent some time at making wagons and threshing machines. Both Mr. and Mrs. Sandilands were among the founders of the Presbyterian Church of this place and he was an elder and trustee in the same for many years. To them were born eight children, four of whom died in infancy. Those living are: James, who was born October 4, 1843, married Sarah Willard, by whom he has three children and is a farmer of Boone county, Neb.; John, born September 20, 1845; George B., born July 10,1852, is a K. T. in the Masonic fraternity; and William A., born January 31, 1856, married Mary L. McAffee and is the father of two children. At first Mr. Sandilands was a Democrat politically, but afterward became a Republican and voted for Abraham Lincoln. He had the confidence of the people among whom he lived and for some years faithfully filled the office of town trustee. He was a conscientious Christian, a true and tried friend, a kind and considerate husband and father, and honest and upright in every thought, word and deed. He paid the last debt of nature on the 10th of January, 1871, leaving some valuable property to his widow and children. He was a strong Union man in the great struggle between the North and South, and. at the last call for troops, enlisted in the same company and regiment with John Quigg, of Mishawaka Company H, One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, but was taken sick at Lookout Mountain and died of typhoid fever at Tallahassee, Tenn., October 2, 1862. He was considered an exceptionally healthy and robust young man, of a kind and generous disposition and his death was deeply mourned. Mr. Sandilands, the father, was a charter member of Mishawaka Lodge of the A. F. & A. M., in which he had attained to the Royal Arch degree. Mrs. Sandilands came to this place when there were but very few houses in the town, and can well remember many interesting scenes of pioneer days. She is a lady of great nobility of character, has gracefully grown old, and is happy in the friendship of all who know her and in the affection of her children and grandchildren.

MILTON McKNIGHT, Mishawaka, Ind. The gentleman whose honored name opens this sketch is one of the oldest settlers of Penn township. The McKnight family was one of the original pioneer families of the township and all its members have been substantial and prominent citizens, having descended from sterling Scotch ancestry. John McKnight, the great-grandfather of our subject, came to America at the same time as did others of the family, settled in Virginia, married there, and became the father of James, Andrew, David, Samuel, William and Robert. They all became farmers, except Andrew, who settled in Louisville, Ky., and whose descendants grew to be wealthy people. James McKnight, the grandfather of our subject, was born in Virginia and became a farmer of Rockbridge county in that State. He married Hannah Montgomery at Raleigh, N. C., in 1792, and they were the parents of John, Betsy and David. Betsy married Anthony Defrees, of South Bend, who was a prominent man in his day. In 1814 James McKnight moved to what is now Franklin county, Ind., and settled on wild land; this place he improved and here passed the remainder of his days. John McKnight was born in Rockbridge county, Va., in 1794, was reared a farmer, and received a common-school education. When a boy of sixteen years he came with his father to Franklin county, Ind., there married Sarah, the daughter of John Tolfer, and to Mr. and Mrs. McKnight were born nine children, as follows: Betsy, James, Nancy, Hannah (deceased), Samuel, Andrew (deceased), Milton, William (deceased) and Mary. Mr. McKnight first settled in Franklin county, Ind., where he remained until 1834, and made there a fine farm, but in the latter year he came to St. Joseph county and settled one and one half miles east of Mishawaka, on the north side of the St. Joseph River. Here he entered a tract of 500 acres of land, cleared up a good farm and left the same to his children. Both he and wife were members of the Presbyterian Church. He died at the age of forty-six years, having been a hard-working, industrious, pioneer citizen, much respected by all. When Mr. McKnight settled in Penn township it was a primitive wilderness, with here and there the few improvements of the earlier settlers. The country presented a very beautiful and park-like appearance. Large oak trees, at a considerable distance apart, unencumbered with undergrowth, gave an open appearance to the country. The grass grew with great luxuriance; the annual fires, kindled by the Indians, cleared the country of the underbrush and enabled the grass to grow unchecked. Beautiful wild flowers bloomed from early in the spring until late in the fall and gave the plains a charming appearance. The St. Joseph River, then a much larger stream, flowed through a large stretch of country, giving excellent pasture lands along its borders. The country then was the hunter's paradise, and here the early pioneer found food for his family in addition to the pleasures of the chase. Deer and wild turkey abounded and the river was full of fish. Milton McKnight, son of the above pioneer and the subject of this sketch, was born May 3, 1833, in Franklin county, Ind., on his father's farm, received a common-school education and was reared a farmer. He was but one year of age when brought to St. Joseph county, Ind., by his parents, with whom he remained until he married. His wife was Lucinda Finch, born January 15, 1841, daughter of Sidney and Jane (Graves) Finch. Sidney Finch was an old settler of the county, coming in 1841 to Mishawaka and settling three miles northeast of the town, in Penn township. He was a prosperous farmer and became the father of Lucinda, George. Edward, Charles, Clark and Fred, a fine family of children, one of whom (George) became second lieutenant of Company D, One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and died from the effects of army life. After marriage, Milton McKnight settled on the old homestead, of which he received ninety acres, which was partly his share and was partly purchased from one of the other heirs, and here he lived until he came to Mishawaka in 1889. Both Mr. and Mrs. McKnight are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is now a trustee in the same and has always assisted his church liberally with his means. He and his wife are the parents of two children: Robert S., born October 11, 1861, and Anthony D., born July 5, 1869. Robert married Ella Boyd and has two children, Harold A. and Lynn B., and resides on the old home farm. Anthony D. was born on the old home farm, received a common-school education, afterward attending the high school at Mishawaka, later learning telegraphy and locating at the Grand Trunk station. He remained as night operator at Mishawaka from 1887 to 1889. In 1889 he was appointed relieving agent and served about two years in this capacity and is now operator and bill clerk at Mishawaka. He is an Odd Fellow and is secretary of Monitor Lodge, No. 286, and has also passed the chairs of the encampment. Politically he is a Republican. Both of the sons of Mr. McKnight were well educated. Our subject has passed almost the whole of his life in Penn township and is well and favorably known as a man of honorable character and a good citizen. He has always been a hard working and industrious man and has won the respect of all with whom he has come in contact. His descendants may well take an honest pride in the sterling Scotch ancestry from which they spring. The McKnight family descends from good old colonial American stock; they are a sturdy, substantial race of well-to-do people and number among them many prominent American citizens. The children of John McKnight married as follows: Betsy married William Defrees; she is now a widow, living in South Bend, in comfortable circumstances and the owner of real estate. James married Eliza McCreary and has three children; is a farmer, residing two miles east of Mishawaka, and owns 300 acres of land which is part of the old homestead. Nancy married S. F. Wood and has two children; she is a widow, living in Mishawaka. Samuel is a farmer, living one-half mile east of Mishawaka; has a farm of 109 acres, is in good circumstances, and has three children; and Mary married Daniel McCreary, has two children and lives in California. With known goodness of heart, Mr. and Mrs. McKnight have taken a little lad of two years, Frederick Finch, a nephew of Mrs. McKnight, and are rearing it as their own.

JOSEPH TURNOCK, ex-sheriff of St. Joseph county, Ind., and manufacturer of vinegar, at South Bend, was born in Stoke, Staffordshire, England, September 30, 1836, a son of Benjamin and Mary (Whittaker) Turnock, who sailed for the shores of America in 1840, landing at New York, but taking up their residence shortly after in Jersey City. The father was a builder and contractor, and in 1849 came west and settled in St. Joseph county, Ind.; near Mishawaka, where he purchased a farm, to the tilling of which he devoted his attention to the exclusion of contracting and building. He subsequently removed to Elkhart, where he died in 1877. To himself and wife a family of thirteen children was given, three sons and two daughters, living at the present time, of whom the subject of this sketch is the eldest. He was but four years of age when brought to this country and received the principal part of his education in Jersey City, but also attended school for some time near Elkhart. He learned the plasterer's trade in South Bend., which he followed in connection with contracting until the war broke out. In 1863 his name could be found on the rolls of Company H, Twelfth Indiana Cavalry, in which he served until the war terminated. He held the rank of first lieutenant on entering the service and was mustered out as captain at Vicksburg, Miss., in 1865. He was in a number of hotly contested engagements and on one occasion, at Vienna, Ala., had his horse shot from under him. At the close of hostilities he returned to South Bend and again engaged in plastering and contracting, which occupation he continued to follow until 1872, when he was elected sheriff of St. Joseph county, and honored with a re-election in 1874, filling the position with distinguished ability. After vacating this office he resumed contracting, but later served four years as deputy sheriff under Z. M. Johnson. In 1885 he engaged in the manufacture of vinegar, in which business he is still successfully engaged. About 1885 he was chosen lieutenant colonel of the First Veteran Regiment of the State Militia, having also held the position of captain in the same regiment. He is now a member of the G. A. R., and has been chief of the fire department of South Bend.; also city marshal, when he succeeded in uniforming the police of the city for the first time. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M., and the K. O. T. M. He is one of the leading spirits of the city and is one of the prime movers in all public enterprises. He was married in 1859 to Miss Frances Cothrell, a daughter of Capt. Samuel L. Cothrell, by whom he has three children. Politically the Colonel is a Republican and a stanch supporter of his party.

W. H. JUDKINS, of Mishawaka, Ind., comes of an excellent family and is, himself, one of the substantial men of his section. He is the son of Stephen H. Judkins, who was born in Lebanon, N. H., in 1808, and came to this section with the Brockport colony from a town of that name in New York State in 1837. He brought his family with him and made a home for them in Mishawaka, where he established himself as a wagon maker, erecting the first wagon shop in the town, which business he conducted successfully for twenty years. His wife was Phoebe Ann Simon, and to them four children were given: Mary, who was burned to death in 1839; William H., Melvina and Charles A., who was drowned in the St. Joseph River in 1850. Both Mr. and Mrs. Judkins were leading members of the Presbyterian Church, and among the founders of that church in Mishawaka. The men and measures of the Republican party always received the support of Mr. Judkins, but prior to its formation he was a Whig. From 1859 to 1885, when his death occurred, he was a groceryman of Mishawaka, in the conduct of which business he showed himself to be a man of keen, commercial instincts, as he has always been one of the enterprising and public-spirited men of the town. He built one of the sections of Phoenix Block in 1873. Being a man of ability and intelligence, he was elected to the position of county assessor in 1847, and in early days was marshal of Mishawaka and one of the town trustees for several years. During the lamentable Civil war he was a strong Union man. He came from a prominent family of New England, who originally came from old England, and were among the early settlers of Lebanon, N. H. Stephen Judkins, the father of Stephen H., died in Mishawaka in 1848. William H. Judkins, whose name heads this biography, was born in Mishawaka, October 5, 1841, and in the schools of the town he obtained a practical education. On October 7, 1861, he responded to the need of his country and joined Company F, Forty-eighth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, in which he served faithfully three years and ten months, being honorably discharged July 15, 1865, at Louisville, Ky. In the spring of 1862 he was promoted to the position of commissary sergeant, and in March, 1864, he was appointed quartermaster of his regiment by Gov. Morton, in which official capacity he served until Lee's surrender. He at once returned to his birthplace and was here married on October 5, 1865, to Miss Belle M. Martling, daughter of J. W. and Lucy (Peek) Martling, the former of whom is one of the old pioneer citizens of the place. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Judkins: Bertha, Edith, Warren and Alice. After the war Mr. Judkins was in the grocery business with his father until 1886, but he afterward turned his attention to the insurance and coal business, to which he still gives his attention. Like his worthy father before him, he possesses good business qualifications, has made the most of his opportunities, and has been successful in the accumulation of means. In June, 1889, he was one of the principal organizers of the Mishawaka Building & Loan Association, of which he is treasurer and one of the directors. He has always been a Republican, and as he has had the confidence of the people to a marked degree, he bas held the offices of clerk and treasurer of the town, and has discharged his duties in a manner that has won him universal approval. In 1870 he was assistant United States marshal, and also census enumerator of Madison, Penn and Harris townships, and filled the same position in 1880 for the town of Mishawaka, and Penn township north of the river, and for the United States census of 1890 he took the products of industry of the manufacturing establishments of Mishawaka and South Bend. Socially he is a member of the A. F. & A. M., Mishawaka Lodge No. 130, and was secretary for many years. He is also a member of South Bend Commandery No. 13, K. T., and Mishawaka Chapter No. 83, and Mishawaka Council No. 19. He belongs to the G. A. R., in which he was quartermaster two years. Both Mr. and Mrs. Judkins are members of the Presbyterian church, and for the past eighteen years he bas been one of its elders. He was a delegate to the General Assembly from Indiana in 1876, at Philadelphia, Penn. He is quite active in political matters, and is deservedly popular. He has a nice residence in the town, besides owning two other houses, a part of the Phoenix Block and some valuable real estate. His daughter, Bertha E., was married in June, 1888, to Frederick G. Eberhart, Jr., son of Adolpbus Eberhart (see sketch), and his daughter, Edith, was married October 12, 1892, to D. O. Fonda.

ALBERT McDONALD. Among the photographers of northern Indiana who well deserve the appellation of "leading," it is safe to say that none are better qualified to execute work in this line than Mr. Albert McDonald, who has become celebrated for securing to sitters before the camera a graceful, natural pose and life-like and pleasing expression. He was born in Rochester, N. Y., January 12, 1841, a son of Daniel Sprague and Mary E. (Billings) McDonald, who were highly honored residents of their section of the Empire State. The father died in Michigan at the age of sixty-eight years, and the mother in South Bend when in her seventy-sixth year. The paternal grandfather was a native of the land of "thistles and oatmeal," and upon coming to "the land of the free and the home of the brave," settled in New York State. Albert McDonald attended the common and select schools of his native city, but when fourteen years of age removed with his parents to Grand Rapids, Mich., from which place he came to South Bend at the age of nineteen years. In 1861 he purchased a photograph studio, at once began to perfect himself in the details of the work, and was so successful that he has followed the business ever since. He gives his personal attention to all departments of his studio and never fails to please his many patrons. He has one of the handsomest studios in Indiana, which was erected in 1886, having a frontage of twenty-two feet and a depth of eighty-five feet, and is known as the "Ground Floor Studio." The rooms are spacious, handsomely and attractively fitted up, and are adorned with many beautiful specimens of his artistic work. He is of a decidedly practical turn of mind, enjoys a wide circle of friends and acquaintances, and is very popular. In 1860 Miss Susan Miller, of South Bend, a native of German township, became his wife, but died July 29, 1892, at Diamond Lake, leaving, besides her husband, two sons to mourn their loss: Edwin C. and Harry S. Mr. McDonald is a Republican in politics, but has never been an aspirant for political preferment.

DR. JOHN H. GRIMES is one of the prosperous young physicians of St. Joseph county, Ind., and as he is very conscientious in the discharge of his professional duties, is well up with the times in medical lore, and has the ability to apply his knowledge at the proper time and in the proper place, it is not to be wondered at that he has a large patronage. He is a son of the well-known Dr. James F. Grimes, of Mishawaka, and has inherited from his worthy father many of the qualities which have been the stepping-stones to his successful professional career. (A sketch of the Grimes family appears in the biography of Dr. James F. Grimes.) Dr. John H. Grimes was born in Mishawaka June 19, 1853, and in the schools of that town and in South Bend he obtained a good education, for he possessed a bright mind, a retentive memory and was desirous of becoming well educated. At the early age of seventeen years he began the study of medicine, under the preceptorship of his father, and it can with truth be said that he could have had no better instructor or one who could have taken more interest in his progress. In a short time he began riding with his father throughout the country when the latter made his professional calls, and in this manner, although he merely looked on for a number of years, he gained a great deal of practical and medical experience. He entered the Bennett School of Medicine (Eclectic), of Chicago, and graduated from this institution in 1878, after which he entered at once upon his practice in Mishawaka. After two years of actual experience as a practitioner of the "healing art," he returned to Chicago and took a one-year�s course in his alma mater, and as he most diligently applied himself to his books he thus obtained a very thorough medical education. He continued to be associated in the practice of medicine with his father for eleven years, as an equal partner, but since January, 1889, he has pursued his calling on his own account. He has built up a practice that is exceptionally large, and in the treatment of his cases he has been uniformly successful. He is a very active and zealous worker in the cause of afflicted humanity, and is kept busy almost day and night. He is a patron of the leading medical publications and has a medical library of considerable value, where his leisure time is spent in studying, for he believes it the duty of every physician to keep abreast of the times in his profession. January 27, 1884, he was married to Miss Rose F. Fisher, a daughter of John and Eva (Bert) Fisher, and to their union two children have been given: Fred A. and Carrie M. Socially Dr. Grimes is a member of the Knights of Maccabees and is examining physician of the order. Politically he is a Republican. He is one of the popular professional men of the county, and with reason is considered one of her leading citizens.

Deb Murray