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JOHN W. BOYD has been a lifelong resident of Mishawaka, is of Scotch descent and comes of a family that settled in America in a very early day. James C. Boyd, the father of John W., was born in East Tennessee, but when about eight years of age went with his father to West Virginia, where he was brought up and learned the trade of a carpenter. One of his fellow apprentices was a young man by the name of Brownlow, who afterward became the famous Parson Brownlow of Tennessee. They both served seven years, and Mr. Boyd afterward became a ship carpenter. He was entirely self-educated, and almost wholly self-made. He was married in Lebanon, Va., to Miss Ann E. Rohr, who was born in Maryland, and they became the parents of eight children: Sarah A., Elizabeth, Lucinda (who died at the age of nineteen years), Margaret C., John W., James C., Robert F. and Charles H. In 1838 Mr. Boyd came to Mishawaka, at which time he brought with him two negroes, a woman and her son, whom he set free. Mr. Boyd settled on some wild land eight miles southeast of Mishawaka, in Penn township, but two years later he removed to the town and began building freight boats to ply on the St. Joseph River, and at one time was the owner of a fleet of nine boats which made regular voyages between St. Joseph and Three Rivers, Mich., carrying a great amount of freight during the year. Mr. Boyd was called the Commodore by the old settlers. He carried on this business successfully until the building of the Michigan Southern & Lake Shore Railroad, when the competition in carrying freight ruined him. In 1850 he crossed the plains to California, becoming very wealthy, but unfortunately lost his mines under an old Spanish claim. In 1856 he returned to Mishawaka and turned his attention to farming, dying at the age of sixty-four years. He was a man of great energy, and of large and powerful physique, weighing 320 pounds, and at one time lifted a weight of 1,100 pounds. His head was of unusual size, requiring a No. 8 1/4 hat, and had to have them made to order. He was an espouser of all measures of morality, was strictly temperate in his habits, and he and his wife were members of the Methodist Church. He was well known by the old pioneers of the county as a strictly honorable man, and was highly regarded by all. John W. Boyd, his son and the subject of this sketch, was born June 21, 1838, on his father's farm in Penn township, and received such education as the common schools of his day afforded. At the age of two years he became a resident of Mishawaka, and here, in the old St. Joseph Iron Works, he learned the trade of plow maker, and for twenty-seven years since has continued to work in the same shops. He became an expert at his trade and in the later years of his labor received the best pay of any workman in the establishment. March 31, 1860 he married Elizabeth, daughter of Isaac and Elizabeth (Birket) Friend, the former of whom was born in Kentucky and came to St. Joseph county, Ind., in 1844, settling on a farm in Penn township one mile south of the town. He was one of the substantial men of his section, became a well-to-do farmer, and he and his wife were members of the German Baptist Church. Their children were Barbara, Polly, Elizabeth and Amos. After his marriage Mr. Boyd settled in Lakeville, ten miles south of South Bend, but in 1861 moved to Mishawaka. August 6, 1862, he offered his services to his country and became a private in Company K, Eighty-seventh Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, serving with credit until the close of the war, and participating in the battles of Perryville, Murfreesboro, Franklin, Tallahoma, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Atlanta, and was with Sherman in the greatest march in history - the march to the sea - his division being in advance, supporting the cavalry and was in an almost continuous skirmish. This was one of the longest marches made by an army and Mr. Boyd walked every step of the way. Gen. Sherman afterward said that his men showed themselves superior machines, and in point of endurance superior to the horse and came out in much better condition. Mr. Boyd was also in the battle of Goldsboro, N. C., and was present at Johnston's surrender, from which place he went to Washington, D. C., and took part in the Grand Review. He was honorably discharged at Indianapolis as orderly sergeant, to which position he had been appointed November 24, 1863. He was at one time detailed to the quartermaster's department as quarter�master sergeant. After the battle of Chickamauga, about November 24, he came home on recruiting service and rejoined the army the following April. Mr. Boyd's career as a soldier was marked by faithfulness to duty, courage and endurance, and he fortunately was not sick or wounded during his entire service, but the severe marches and exposure permanently injured his health, and to this day he is disabled by rheumatism and other disorders. At the battle of Atlanta he narrowly escaped death, for he was a large man and at the head of his company, and in the thick of the battle his captain and two men fell at his side and three others near by were wounded. After his gallant service in his country's cause he cheerfully resumed the duties of a private citizen, and is justly considered one of the leading men of the place. He has been a member of the town council, belongs to the G. A. R. and is a Republican politically. His long residence in the county has made him well known, and his family is as highly regarded as himself. His children are: Anna E., who married William Crawford, a merchant of La Porte, Ind., and has one child; Ella S., married Robert McKnight, a farmer in the vicinity of Mishawaka, by whom she has two children, and Mary A., who married Frank E. Hartwick, a book-keeper of Chicago, by whom she has one child. Robert F. Boyd, a brother of John W. Boyd, was a soldier in Company I, Ninth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and died in 1861 at Cheat Mountain, Va. Another brother, James C., was in the 100 days' service, who died in the silver mines of Arizona.

�Pictorial and Biographical Memoirs of Elkhart and St. Joseph Counties, Indiana
Together with Biographies of Many Prominent Men of Northern Indiana and the Whole State, Both Living and Dead�
Goodspeed Brothers Publishers, Chicago
1893
John Morris Co. Printers and Binders

HORACE H. STEVENS, of Mishawaka, Ind., comes of Puritan stock, his ancestors being among the very first settlers of Plymouth. Mass. This family has become eminent in the affairs of the nation, from the earliest history of the country, and one of the early members of the family, Co1. Ebeneezer Stevens of Revolutionary fame, assisted to throw the tea in the Boston Harbor, and afterward became a celebrated New York banker (see Lossings Field Book of the Revolution and Johnson's Encyclopedia for further history). Solomon H. Stevens, father of Horace H., was born in Amherst, N. H., April 1, 1804, was reared a farmer and was mainly self-educated, for his school days lasted only three months. At the age of twelve years he was bound out to learn the trade of a baker in the city of Boston, and there he remained until he attained man's estate. He then left "The Hub" and went to Buffalo, N. Y., where he obtained employment at his trade, and there he was married November 4, 1832, to Miss Clarissa J., daughter of Joseph Stone, a farmer, and to their union the following children were given: Laura, Charles H., John K., Horace H., Clarissa J. and Clark O. After residing in Buffalo for some years, Mr. Stevens moved to Silver Creek, N. Y., but in November, 1842, he turned his face westward and soon found himself at Mishawaka, Ind., where his trade occupied his attention until 1855. By this time he had saved enough means to purchase a farm four miles northeast of the town, and there he resided until the spring of 1863, when he returned to Mishawaka and resided here until he paid the last debt of nature in January, 1874, at the age of seventy years. He always supported the Republican and Whig parties, and for many years was a deacon in the Baptist Church. During the Civil war he was a stanch Union man, and two of his sons, Horace H. and Clark C., were in the Federal army, being members of the same regiment and company. Clark C. died of lung fever contracted from exposure in camp life before he was mustered into the service. Horace H. Stevens was born in Silver Creek, N. Y., May 23, 1840, and obtained his education in the common schools of St. Joseph county, Ind., for he was brought thither by his parents when about two and a half years old. At the age of fifteen he went on to the farm with his father, to whom he gave valuable aid in its cultivation until he entered the army November 6, 1863, becoming a member of Company D, One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, at Mishawaka, serving until the war closed. He acted in the capacity of teamster, until he was taken sick from exposure, after which he was in the hospital for three months and obtained a furlough, remaining at home for fifty days. He then rejoined his regiment, but was again taken sick and again in the hospital for three months and at Chester for five weeks, then was honorably discharged, as the war had ended. After returning to Mishawaka he followed various occupations for some time, but his constitution was greatly broken down by the hardships of his army career, and he has never regained his old-time vigor. He has always been a model citizen, and has always been strictly temperate and moral, supporting measures for the good of his section in a freehearted and prompt manner. He has always been a Republican, and has held the office of senior vice-commander in the G. A. R. April 18, 1875, he was married to Mrs. Adelia Lawrence, daughter of Louis Brunnell, a Frenchman by descent.

HON. TIMOTHY E. HOWARD. To become distinguished at the bar requires not only capacity, but also sound judgment and persevering industry. These qualifications are combined in no gentleman at the St. Joseph county bar to a greater extent than in Timothy E. Howard. A careful and accurate adviser, and an earnest and conscientious advocate, his success at the bar has been achieved by the improvement of opportunities, by untiring diligence, and by close study and correct judgment of men and motives. Like so many of the eminent men of the present day his early career was a humble one, for he was reared on his native farm in the vicinity of Ann Arbor, Mich., where he was born January 27,1837, and there he soon came to know the meaning of hard work. His parents, Martin and Julia (Beahan) Howard, were both natives of the Isle of Erin, and came to this country in their early days, the former first setting foot on American soil about the year 1832. After a short stay in the Green Mountain State he came to Ann Arbor, Mich., a few miles from where he eventually entered some Government land, then in a very wild state. There, in the midst of the forest, and far from any other human habitation, he erected a little log cabin, where he lived until his means permitted better improvements, and where the subject of this sketch was born. The elder Howard resided on this farm until he paid the last debt of nature in 1851. At the time of his demise he was township clerk, and had held other minor township and district offices. His widow survived him until March, 1892. There are now only three surviving members of their family of seven children: Timothy E., Michael F. and Julia A. Timothy E. Howard was the eldest of the family, and, although but fourteen years of age at the time of his father's death, he took upon his slender and youthful shoulders the management of the home farm, and with the intelligent counsel and advice of his worthy mother, he made a success of his undertakings. His early education was obtained in the common schools of the rural districts, but he was later fortunate enough to be sent to the" Old Seminary" at Ypsilanti, and to the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, enjoying in the former institution the instructions of that model teacher, Prof. Joseph Estabrook, and in the latter that of the genial scholar, Dr. Erastus O. Haven. He taught in the district schools near Ann Arbor for two years. About this time he secured a chance to teach and attend school in the University of Notre Dame, Ind., and at once gladly closed with the offer, and from that noted institution of learning he graduated in 1862. In February of that year he forsook his alma mater in order to fight his country's battles and enlisted in Company I, of the Twelfth Michigan Infantry, the fortunes of which he followed until the battle of Shiloh, where he received a gunshot wound in the neck and left shoulder, and was sent to Evansville on a hospital boat and placed in the Marine Hospital, where he remained about two months. Upon recovering he came home on a furlough, and, being honorably discharged as unfit for further duty, he returned to teaching at Notre Dame, graduating there from that year. He held his position of instructor in that institution for about twenty years altogether. In 1878 he was elected to the position of county clerk, and served four years, during which time he was also a member of the city council. While at Notre Dame he studied law and received his diploma, but did not practice until the expiration of his term as county clerk. Since then he has been an active practitioner, and his knowledge of law and his intelligence on all matters of public interest were recognized by his being elected to the office of State senator in 1886, and by being honored with a re-election in 1890. He is the author of the Momence bill for the drainage of the Kankakee Valley, and was chairman of the special senate committee in charge of the school text-book law. He secured the extension of the new election law to township and city elections, and drafted the new revenue law. He also introduced and pressed to passage the bill for the establishment of the Appellate Court. He had charge in the Senate of the Indianapolis city charter, also of the suburban street railway bill, both of which became laws. He has served as city attorney of South Bend for four years, and also as county attorney. In November, 1892, he was elected supreme judge of the State, and took his seat on the bench January 2, 1893. The following extract, written while he was in the State Senate, in 1891, is taken from the Evansville Journal, and in every way coincided with the opinion that has been formed of him by those who have noticed his brilliant career, or are personally acquainted with him: "His strength lies in his great fairness and liberality, coupled with a keen discernment of the motives behind actions. He himself never hesitates to explain fully his reasons for any line of action, and when he has explained them, there is always a large following of senators who find that they may agree with him exactly. He is a Christian gentleman, mild, courteous, patient, unresentful, a fine illustration of the oft disputed fact that a man of lofty character and unyielding principles can succeed in political life." In 1864 he was married to Miss Julia A. Redmond. They have had ten children, eight of whom are living: Charles, Mary, Edward, Agnes, John, Genevieve, Eleanora and George. Mr. Howard has been a member of the G. A. R. since 1880.

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HARVEY F. BANTA. Among the reputable men of Nappanee, Ind., who, in their conduct of business matters, and the duties belonging to the various relations of life, have acquired a worthy name, is Harvey F. Banta, who, although young in years is old in experience. He was formerly in business in Nappanee but is now connected with the Hawks Furniture Company at Goshen. He was born in Goshen, May 30, 1862, and has been known from his earliest childhood as worthy of the respect and consideration of his neighbors. He was one of four children - three sons and one daughter - born to Frederick and Anna (Eckhart) Banta, natives of Germany, who came to this country about forty years ago, or about 1852, and settled at Goshen. Fredrick Banta is a prosperous and successful business man and has been connected with the Hawks Furniture Company for a number of years, having charge of the manufacturing department. In his political views he affiliates with the Republican party, and in religion, he and wife hold membership in the Methodist Episcopal Church. Their children were named as follows: Emma, at home; Harvey F. (subject); Charles, book-keeper for the I. & L. Pump Company, and William, in City National Bank. Harvey F. Banta was reared in Goshen and secured his education in the public schools of the same. Later he entered the employ of the Hawks Furniture Company, of Goshen, and continued with them for a number of years, but resigned his position as foreman of one of the departments in 1887, and came to Nappanee. In this town he established himself in the furniture and undertaking business, which he carried on very successfully until December 1, 1891, when he sold out to Mr. Good. Mr. Banta is a young man possessed of unusual business attainments and is popular both in business and social circles. He is well and favorably known in the county, and in politics supports the policy and principles of the Republican party. He owns a fine residence in Nappanee, has a host of warm friends, and bright prospects are before him. Mr. Banta selected his wife in the person of Miss Ella Mellinger, daughter of John C. Mellinger, and their nuptials were celebrated on August 11, 1888. Two children - Mabel and John - are the result of this union.

VINCENT BRUNNER may be justly regarded as one of the enterprising, reliable and substantial citizens of Mishawaka, Ind., in the affairs of which place he has always shown a decided interest, and which he has aided in a very substantial manner. His father, Caspar Brunner, was born in Switzerland July 20,1808, at Canton Aargau Wurenlos, and in the land of his birth received a common-school education and learned the tailor's trade. He was married to Barbara Brunner, who, although she bore the same family name, was no relative, and to them five children were born, two of whom died in infancy; Agnes, Peter and Vincent are the surviving members. Mr. Brunner was a soldier in the Sonderbund war. In 1867 he decided to seek a home for himself and family in America, and on December 24, of that year, landed at Castle Garden, New York City, from which place he came to Whitley county, Ind., and one year later to St. Joseph county, taking up his residence in Mishawaka, where he began working at his trade. He was much respected for his sound judgment in the land of his birth and held the offices of alderman and justice of the peace. His reputation for sound and practical views followed him across the water, and he was soon regarded as one of the substantial men of Mishawaka. He gave his children good educational advantages, and being industrious and pushing, he was at one time the owner of a handsome property. Upon leaving Switzerland he received a passport, speaking very highly of himself and family, also a letter of introduction and commendation to the Catholic Church in this county, of which denomination he and his wife were devout members. He died in Mishawaka August 25, 1872, at the age of sixty-four years. After coming to this country he always identified himself with the Democratic party. Vincent Brunner was born in the native canton of his forefathers in Switzerland, where his family had been respected members of society since the sixteenth century, his birth occurring January 22, 1862. When about five years of age he came with his parents to America and received the common-school education of this country, learning to read, write and speak both English and German fluently. At the age of fourteen years he began clerking in the grocery story of Frank Eberhart, remaining his diligent, faithful and trusted employe for six years, supporting, in the meantime, his widowed mother. In 1885 he borrowed $300 and went into partnership with H. B. Fitch, with whom he opened a grocery store in Mishawaka, but at the end of one year he bought out his partner and continued the business very successfully and profitably alone until 1888 when he disposed of his stock to his former partner. His health being quite poor at this time, he decided to spend some time in Europe, and during the four months that he remained in that country he visited Switzerland, Germany, France and Italy. While in his native land he spent some time at his birthplace, and, although he was quite young when he left there, he well remembered the old town. After his return home he once more resumed the grocery business in Mishawaka, but at the end of one year he sold out and turned his attention to farming in Penn township, to which occupation he devoted his attention until 1892, when he returned to Mishawaka. Mr. Brunner is in every respect a self-made man, and all the property of which he is now the owner he secured by his own good judgment and energy. He has a fine residence and lot in the town and has erected a fine two story brick business building on the corner of Bridge and St. Joseph streets, 29x80 feet in dimensions, with fine plate glass and metal front. The business room is ceiled with ornamental metal and the upper rooms are partitioned off for the use of two families. This building is one of the handsomest in the town. May 1, 1883, Mr. Brunner married Dora, daughter of Leopold and Marguerita (Raab) Deutchle, the former of whom is a farmer of Mad�ison township, coming to this country from Germany in 1866. He and his wife became the parents of the following children: Andrew, Reuben, Wilhelmina, Dora, Mary, George, John and Valentine. Mr. and Mrs. Brunner have five children: Caspar, Caroline, Joseph, Vincent and Victor. Mr. Brunner is a Democrat; he and his wife are earnest members of the Catholic Church, and he is a member of the Catholic Knights of America. He is public spirited, in favor of improvements and stands high in business circles. The corner-stone of his fine business building is engraved and contains a genealogical record of the Brunner family, extending back to the sixteenth century.

HON. W. H. LONGLEY, ex-mayor of South Bend, and president of the Northern Indiana Hedge Fence Company, is a native of Elkhart county, Ind., where he was born on October 3, 1846, a son of Andrew and Mary Longley, natives of Pennsylvania and Elkhart county, Ind., respectively. The paternal grandfather, William Longley, removed from his native State to Elkhart county, Ind., about 1834, of which section he was among the pioneer settlers. They came thither in wagons and located in the vicinity of Elkhart, where Mr. Longley purchased a heavily timbered and very wild tract of land. The Indians were still plentiful throughout the region, but were not hostile. On this farm the grandfather was called from life. About 1853 Andrew Longley came to St. Joseph county and settled on Sumption Prairie, where, until within a few years, he followed agricultural pursuits. Three children were born to himself and wife: William H., Josephine and Mercy. William H. Longley, the subject of this sketch, remained with and assisted his father on the home farm until he was twenty -one years of age, receiving the advantages of the district schools in the vicinity of his rural home, his education being completed in Notre Dame College, from the commercial department of which he graduated in 1867. Soon after this he entered the dry goods store of John Brownfield, where he remained until 1888, at which time he engaged in the manufacture of knit underwear. He was one of the incorporators of the A. C. Staley Manufacturing Company, of which he was made vice-president, and held the office until elected to the position of mayor of South Bend. He is still a stockholder in this concern, and is also one of the incorporators of the Northern Indiana Hedge Fence Company. He is a stockholder in the St. Edwards Land & Insurance Company of St. Edwards, Neb. He was elected mayor of South Bend in 1888, was re-elected in 1890, during which time he was careful to guard the interests of the city and made a very efficient official. In 1882 he was made councilman from the Second Ward, in which capacity he served one term. He is one of the leading spirits of the city, and is always a leader in public enterprises. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M., the K. of P., being a charter member of Crusade Lodge, No. 14, and also belongs to the Uniform Rank. He has been a married man since 1872, at which time Miss Helen Searle became his wife, and eventually the mother of a son and two daughters: Howard, Mary and Edna. Mr. Longley has a goodly amount of this world's goods, and is a successful and intelligent business man.

HON. MARVIN CAMPBELL, manager sales department for Studebaker Bros. Manufacturing Company, of South Bend, Ind., and treasurer of the Mishawaka Woolen Manufactory, is a wide-awake and successful man of business, who thoroughly understands what is required of him and fulfills these requirements in an able and highly satisfactory manner. His birth occurred at Valparaiso, Ind., March 13, 1849, his parents, Samuel A. and Harriet (Cornell) Campbell, being natives of New York and Ohio respectively. Samuel A. Campbell came with his father to Valparaiso when a lad of twelve years, or in 1832, and settled on a farm near that place which, being still Government land, was in a very wild state. Here Samuel A. Campbell still lives at the age of seventy-two years, and the land that was then totally unimproved, is now a magnificent farm, on which are handsome and substantial buildings. In his family there were six children: Myron and Marvin (twins), Darius, Helen, Otto S. and Ida M. Those now living are Myron Coster, of South Bend National Bank; Otto S., a farmer upon the home farm, and the subject of this sketch. He was reared on the old home farm in the vicinity of Valparaiso and received his education in the Valparaiso Male & Female College; the year of 1869 was spent as a teacher of mathematics in the Valparaiso High School. In 1870 he came to South Bend as a teacher of mathematics in the high school, which position he occupied for two years, at the end of which time he engaged in the hardware business and followed it successfully for twelve years. He then sold his hardware stock to Munroe & Keltner, and invested in the Mishawaka Woolen Manufacturing Company, and has been connected with this concern ever since. He is one of its directors and is its treasurer, but only makes occasional visits to its office. In 1889 he became purchasing agent for Studebaker Bros. Manufacturing Company, and continued in that position until January 1, 1893, when he was promoted to the responsible position of general manager of the sales department. The citizens of St. Joseph and Starke counties, Ind., showed their appreciation of his many worthy qualities by electing him to the State Senate and he served with distinction in the sessions of 1883 and 1885. During this time he made a record as an able politician and won a deserved reputation as a forcible, eloquent and logical orator, and his services in this capacity have been in much demand throughout St. Joseph and surrounding counties. He is now, in a great measure, retired from the political arena and devotes his almost exclusive attention to his business. He has always been an active Republican. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M. fraternity. In 1874: he was married to Miss Lydia A. Brownfield, of South Bend, and their union has resulted in the birth of three children: John B., who graduated from the South Bend High School in the summer of 1892, and is now taking a course in the Rose Polytechnic School of Terre Haute; Harriet B. and Marvin R. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell are worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. She is a daughter of the late Hon. John Brownfield, a very prominent man of Indiana, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this volume.

ALBERT GAYLOR, Mishawaka, Ind. The father of our subject is one of the old pioneer settlers of St. Joseph county. He has descended from German stock, his great-great-grandfather coming from Germany and settling in the State of New York. He returned to his native country, and never came back. Jacob M. Gaylor, Sr., the grandfather of our subject, was born in the State of New York and became a farmer in Rensselaer county, in that State. He married Hannah Snyder and to them was born one child, Jacob M., the father of our subject. Mr. Gaylor died in August, 1809, and his widow afterward married Eli B. Mead, a son of John Mead, who was a soldier in the war of the Revolution, entering at the age of fourteen and serving through the whole struggle. To Mr. and Mrs. Mead were born four children: John M., Catherine, Mary A. and Betsy. Mr. Mead removed to Dearborn county, Ind., settling near Rising Sun about 1816, when the State was yet a Territory. In 1834 Mr. Mead removed with his family to St. Joseph and settled in the woods in Penn township about three miles south of Mishawaka and cleared up a farm. Mrs. Mead, the grandmother of our subject, lived until she was almost eighty-nine. Jacob M. Gaylor the father of our subject, was born August 5, 1809, in the State of New York and was but seven years of age when the family removed to Dearborn county, Ind. He had received the limited common-school education of the day, grew up a farmer and married, November 18,1830, Cynthia Crouch, of that county, became the father of one child, Eleanor, who also married, but is now deceased. Mrs. Gaylor died in Dearborn county, September 9, 1832, and Mr. Gaylor married Azubah Ferris, September 26, 1833. She was the daughter of Isaiah and Lucinda (Crouch) Ferris. Mr. Ferris was of old American colonial stock from Vermont and was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. He afterward settled in St. Joseph county, Penn township, in 1836, near the Dixon neighborhood. To Mr. and Mrs. Gaylor were born three children, one who died an infant, Albert and Sarah A. In 1834 Mr. Gaylor removed his mother and family to St. Joseph county, where Mr. Mead had preceded them and built a log cabin. Mr. Gaylor made this journey with a four-ox team, consuming about thirteen days on the way, the distance being some two hundred miles, and after comfortably settling the family of Mr. Mead he returned home and in 1835 brought his own family, being fourteen days on the way and being accompanied by Jonathan Buck and family. Mr. Gaylor settled in the woods in Penn township, four miles south of Mishawaka, entered 120 acres of land which he cleared up and made into a good farm and here erected a substantial residence, barns and other farm buildings. His means were very limited, but by industry and thrift accumulated property. Mr. and Mrs. Gaylor were devout members of the Baptist Church, the former being for many years clerk and a deacon, holding membership with that body for fifty-nine years. He always felt an interest in religious matters and materially assisted the churches at La Porte, Warsaw and Mishawaka. He was in favor of all educational measures; served the people as school director, township trustee and supervisor, being a man in whom the people could repose the greatest confidence. Politically he was a Republican for many years, but at present he votes with the Prohibition party. For many years he lived on his farm, an honored and respected citizen, but in 1873 he moved into Mishawaka, bought a residence and retired from active life. His wife died at the age of eighty-two years, September 3, 1892. She was a devout Christian, and left many friends. Mr. Gaylor's long life of eighty-three years has been well spent . He is one of the few original pioneers of St. Joseph county now living, and has been spared to see this county develop from a primitive wilderness into a well-cultivated section with thriving towns and a prosperous people.

ALBERT GAYLOR, the son of one of the honored pioneer citizens of St. Joseph county, and a prominent business man of Mishawaka, was born on the old Gaylor homestead, four miles south of the town, March 29, 1841, was there reared and attended the pioneer log school house, the best of the period. He was taught the duties of farm life, and at maturity married, October 31, 1865, Mary A., daughter of George and Mary (Kettering) Kiefer. The father of Mrs. Gaylor was born in Bavaria, Germany, March 25, 1812 and was educated in the common schools of the country. He learned the weaver's trade, which he followed until he was twenty-one years of age, when, in accordance with the laws of Germany, he was drafted as a soldier into the army, but not being needed, was granted a leave of absence, during which time he worked at his trade. By the law of Germany he was bound for service for six years, but before that time expired he sailed for America and landed at New York City, April 22, 1836. Almost the first thing he did after landing was to declare his intention to become an American citizen, having, in the meantime, secured an honorable discharge from the German army. He soon found work in a cotton factory, which he followed for two years, when on February 6, 1838, he was married to Miss Mary Kettering, whom he had known in Germany, they having attended the same school. They then moved to Portage county, Ohio, and began farming. Here they lived for seven years, after which they went to Indiana, where they remained twenty-four years. In the spring of 1871 he moved to Independence, Iowa, where he bought a house, and resided until his death on New Year's Day, 1893. For forty years he and wife were members of the Evangelical Church. For eight years he filled the office of trustee of Washington township. He was the father of twelve children, thirty-three grandchildren and three great-grandchildren. On February 6, 1888, their children, with a few friends, gathered at the home and celebrated the golden wedding of their parents in an appropriate manner. Mr. Kiefer had always been regarded with feelings of great esteem by the citizens of all classes and parties. He deserved this respect in every particular, as the reward of a virtuous, well-spent life. To Mr. and Mrs. Gaylor were born four children, as follows: E. Victoria, born September 9, 1866; John F., born October 21, 1869; Ralph W., born October 9, 1873, and Mable E., born April 17, 1879. Mr. Gaylor remained on the home farm, which he managed for his father until 1872, being a substantial farmer and a man who commanded the respect of the people of the township. In his political opinions he is a stanch Republican, and has acceptably filled the office of assessor of Penn township for five years, and has been a member of the Mishawaka council for three years; the office of township trustee of Penn township for four years, from 1881 to 1884. Mr. Gaylor has taken an active interest in the public schools of Mishawaka, and has been on the board of education for a number of years. Both he and wife are members of the Methodist Church, in which body he has held the offices of steward and trustee. Socially he is a Mason and a member of Mishawaka Lodge, No. 130, also a member of the chapter and council and the Commandery Knights Templar of South Bend. Mr. Gaylor has filled all of the chairs in the Mishawaka Lodge and Council. In 1873 he removed to Mishawaka and engaged in the grocery business five years. He built the first wood pulp-mill in St. Joseph county, in 1877, and this mill was the first of its kind in the State. He remained in this business until the spring of 1887, when he founded the firm of Gaylor & Doolittle and engaged in the agricultural implement business, the firm also dealing in wood, coal, tiling, etc. Mr. Gaylor is a first-class citizen and owns a tasteful and commodious residence on the north side of the town, opposite the park. His children have all received an excellent education, all being graduates of the Mishawaka High School, except the youngest, who is now pursuing the same course. His sons also received a commercial education in Chicago and in South Bend. His daughter, E. Victoria, has been a successful teacher in the B grammar department, in the Mishawaka public schools for seven years. John F. is an expert stenographer in the general freight office at Chicago of the Michigan Central Railroad Company, receiving his commercial education in Chicago. Ralph W. is also an expert stenographer in the office of the Wisconsin Central Depot, at Chicago, for J. Hawn, manager of the Wisconsin Central. Mr. Gaylor is one of the successful business men of Mishawaka and stands high as a man of character whose integrity is unimpeached. He is the agent of Robbin Battell, of New York City, a large property holder in St. Joseph county, to whom the people of Mishawaka owe the beautiful Battell Park on the north side.

JOHN W. ALBIN. No State in the Union gives greater encouragement to a man who desires to devote himself to agricultural life than does Indiana. Its resources are almost inexhaustible and its climate is adapted to the cultivation of varied crops. Among the prominent and enterprising farmers of Union township, Elkhart Co., Ind., stands the name of John W. Albin, who has been identified with the best interests of the county since 1866. He was born in Clark county, Ohio, September 9, 1845, and was the youngest of seven children born to the marriage of Samuel and Elizabeth (Adams) Albin. Samuel Albin was a native of that good old State, Virginia, born in 1809, and the son of John Albin, who was also a native of the Old Dominion, but who, at an early date, emigrated to Clark county, Ohio, being among the early pioneers of that State. Samuel was one of a family of fourteen children. John Albin was a soldier in the War of 1812, as also were a number of his brothers, and drew a pension on account of his services. The family had settled in Ohio about 1810, and John Albin took up land four miles from the site of the present city of Springfield. There his death occurred about 1834, and he was followed soon after by his wife. He was a man who made a good farm out of the Ohio woods, and he reared a large family of children. In politics he was a Democrat. The Albin family was of old Virginia stock and the ancestors came originally from England. Of John Albin's family two or three are still living and, as might naturally be supposed, are well along in years. A daughter, Mrs. Charity Walburn, is still living in Union township, Elkhart county, and two sons, George and Benjamin, are in Nebraska and Kansas, respectively. The names of all the children were as follows: Nancy A., Joseph C., William, Samuel, Sarah, Charity, Moreland, John, Rachel, Rebecca, Eliza J., Benjamin, Moses and George N. All of these were married and reared families. Moses was a soldier and died while in service; and George, too, was a soldier, serving for three years. Samuel Albin was not a year old when his parents emigrated to Ohio, and he was reared on his father's farm in Clark county. Like most farmer's boys of that day he was early trained to the duties of the farm, and acquired an education in a business way. About the year 1832 he married Miss Adams, and at the death of his father purchased the old home place on which he resided until his death in May, 1865. His wife was a daughter of John Adams, named after the President of that name, and probably one of his descendants. It is supposed that the Adams family came from Virginia and were early settlers of Clark county, Ohio. Mrs. Albin was born in the Old Dominion in 1814, and was one of six children, as follows: William, David, Caroline, Elizabeth, Wilson and Lavina. Of these only three are living: William and David in California, and Caroline, in Clark county. Ohio. Mrs. Albin died when our subject was but four years of age, leaving seven children, all of whom reached manhood and womanhood. Her death occurred in Clark county, Ohio, and she was a worthy member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. After her death Samuel married Miss Anna Armstrong, who bore him two children, Malissa, who married Martin Walter, and now resides in Ohio, and Martha, who became the wife of Charles Swaney. The children born to the first marriage were named as follows: Gabriel, married and residing on a farm in Richland county, Ill., was a soldier in the late war; Nathan, died in Illinois and left a wife and family; Margaret, wife of Jasper Miller, resides in Illinois and is the mother of a family; Caroline married Smith Miller and. resides in Illinois, her husband being dead; Catherine, wife of Charles Beatty, resides in Clark county, Ohio; Nancy A., married Robert McCullough and is also a resident of that county, and our subject, who is the youngest of the family. In politics the father of these children was a Democrat. He was a man well posted on all the important issues of the day and a citizen esteemed and respected. He held many offices of trust in the neighborhood in which he lived, took an active interest in all laudable enterprises, and was one of the foremost men of his section. He became quite wealthy. John W. Albin remained on his father's farm in Clark county, Ohio, until over nineteen years of age, when his father died. He attended the common schools, secured a good practical education, and after the death of his father started out to fight his own way in life. In 1866 he came to Elkhart county, Ind., and worked at the carpenter's trade for two years. In the spring of 1869 he bought the farm where he now lives, and as he had about $700 when he came to this county, he put it all into the land. This consisted of eighty acres, and was all in the woods. He immediately began clearing and grubbing and, as a result, has now one of the finest farms in this part of the county. He has been unusually successful as a business man and farmer and his good fortune is due to his integrity, honesty, business ability and the push which is lacking in so many young men. Mr. Albin has some fine stock on his place and is paying considerable attention to the breeding of good stock. He is much interested in the political issues of the day and is a stanch Democrat. He has held various offices in the township, viz.: justice of the peace for four years, school officer, constable, etc., and was elected county commissioner, but the election being contested, has been carried to the supreme court. Schools, churches and all things for the upbuilding of Elkhart county are of interest to Mr. Albin. In his choice of a wife he selected Miss Lydia A. Slabaugh, and their nuptials were solemnized in 1869. She was born August 5, 1850, in Portage county, Ohio, and was one of three children, two of whom are living, born to Christian E. and Sophia (Walters) Slabaugh. Mr. and Mrs Albin are the parents of these children: Minnie, born February 21, 1871, is at home; Eva, born October 19, 1872, also at home; Mervin, born October 25, 1877; Celeste, born October 28, 1880, and Vera was born January 19,1888.

CHARLES A. BREHMER, architect. With the increase in population, refinement and wealth in the cities of the United States, has arisen a growing demand for the blending of the artistic, and the beautiful with the utilitarian in architecture. The results have been extremely gratifying to the advocates of progress in this most vitally important profession. Among those who have acquired a wide reputation for their skill and artistic conception, ranks Charles A. Brehmer, who was born in Glencoe, Ill., September 23, 1860, a son of Charles A. and Mary (Uthe) Brehmer, the former a native of Alsace, France (now Germany), and the latter born in this country, but of German parentage. The father came to this country prior to his marriage, was finely educated and possessed business ability of a high order. He could write three different languages, speak seven different tongues, which fact made his services very valuable and much sought after. He was the manager for a New York syndicate in a large brick-yard and later filled the same position in the Michigan lumber camps, but ended his days on a farm in the vicinity of Lansing, Mich., in July, 1891, his death occurring very suddenly. His wife had been called from life four years earlier. They were the parents of three sons and two daughters: Charles A., Louis, Frank (deceased), and the two daughters deceased. The subject of this sketch was principally reared in Bay City, Mich., where he received his primary education in the public schools. He then entered the University of Notre Dame, in which institution he went through a course of training in all the building trades. This training occupied six years of schooling, and after leaving that institution he went to Bay City, Mich., where he took a two-years' course of instruction under that well-known lumberman and architect - James Shearer. In 1884 Mr. Brehmer returned to South Bend and worked at his trade, subsequently engaging in contracting for himself, and for two years he successfully continued both branches of his business. For the last four years he has turned his attention entirely to architectural work, and among the many remarkably creditable specimens of his skill, may be mentioned the handsome residence of Pat O'Brien, the Shickery residence, the residence of Prof. Egan, the Pabst Brewing Company's building, of which he was the contractor, and the following buildings which he designed: Residences for Dr. P. E. Rupp, J. P. Creed, J. Rockstroh, A. W. Lee, M. Bieger, E. A. Jernegan, F. Hollister, L. Eliel, Edwin Witwer, J. C. Naidlhart, Frank Mayer, C. Hudson, Martha Inwood, the Coquillard flats, and numerous others; the German Methodist Church, the rectory of St. Patrick's Church, the business house of Listenberger & Varrier, German Lutheran Church, of Woodland, six business blocks, two of which are four-story structures, and various other buildings. Mr. Brehmer is the leading architect of the city and is prominent in the social circles of the place. At present he is president of the board of water trustees. He is the owner of considerable valuable property, and, possessing good judgment and prudence, is accumulating wealth. At the present time he is superintending the building of the Arlington Hotel of Benton Harbor, Mich. January 16, 1883, he was married to Miss Mary A. Riley, of South Bend, by whom be has six children: Charles E., Gertrude, Olivia, Mary, Louis and Bernhard. Mr. Brehmer is a member of the C. K. of A.

JOHN BARKEY, Mishawaka, Ind. For generations the ancestors of our subject have led agricultural lives. They came to America, fleeing from religious persecution in Germany, and at the invitation of William Penn settled in Bucks county, Penn., whence the family has spread, and one of its most respected representatives is John Barkey, of Mishawaka, Ind., the subject of the present sketch. Grandfather Barkey was a farmer in Bucks county; his sons Christian and Jacob, located in Wayne and Medina counties, Ohio. His son John, the father of our subject, was born in Bucks county, Penn., was reared to farm life and educated in German. The religion of the family was Mennonite and the children were all strictly reared. John married Susannah Buzzard, of Bucks county and they had a family of twelve children who grew to maturity and three who died young. The names of the living were Anna, Rachael, Catherine, Elizabeth, Margaret, Barbara, Christian, Mary, John, George, Peter and Isaac. In 1857 Mr. Barkey moved with his family to Holmes county, Ohio, and settled on 160 acres of land in the wilderness, and here cleared up a good farm and erected comfortable farm buildings. He became a minister in the Mennonite church, preached for many years and was one of the founders of that church in Holmes county. He was an earnest man, a good citizen and, like many other pioneers, could turn his hand to almost any kind of work. He was a fair carpenter, cooper, shoemaker and miller and lived to the age of seventy-nine years two months and five days, dying on his farm in Holmes county. Of quiet disposition and of sincere Christian character, he had regard and respect from all, and it was a comfort to him that he never had a lawsuit in his life. John Barkey, a son of the above, and subject of this sketch, was born February 25, 1828, on his father's clearing, in Holmes county, Ohio, in a small log cabin. His birth occurred one year after their removal from Pennsylvania, and he was reared among pioneer scenes. He was early obliged to assist in the clearing and cultivating of the farm and received only such education as could be acquired in the little log school-house which he was able to attend for a few seasons, a couple of weeks at a time. His father built a saw-mill and he learned to work there, so continuing until he was twenty-three years of age. He came to St. Joseph county in the spring of 1852, and worked for John Weldy, who was a pioneer of St. Joseph county, his farm being on the line between Elkhart and St. Joseph counties, in Madison and Olive townships. On April 19, 1855, he married Elizabeth, daughter of John and Anna (Ketch) Weldy (see sketch of Abraham Weldy). Mr. and Mrs. Barkey remained on the home farm one year, and in 1856 settled on his present farm, in the woods of Madison township, of eighty acres, which was a wedding present from John Weldy. Mr. Barkey cleared a spot, built a log cabin 18x20 feet, containing two rooms and made comfortable with a board floor, and here two of his children were born and Mr. Barkey and wife spent ten years of their married life. He cleared up his land, and by industry and thrift added to it until he now owns 215 acres of fine farming land with good improvements. Both Mr. and :Mrs. Barkey are devout members of the Mennonite Church, and the former has always contributed liberally to the support and extension of his denomination. Politically, he affiliates with the Democratic party. To Mr. and Mrs. Barkey were born three children: Susannah W., born December 26, 1862, and died August 3, 1863; an infant unnamed, born April 10, 1866, and Levi W., born September 29, 1869. Mr. Barkey is one of the practical and substantial farmers of Madison township, has seen St. Joseph county grow from a wilderness into a well-developed and prosperous section. He and his faithful wife have labored hard to improve their surroundings and his honorable and blameless life is one to be commended. Levi W., the only child of the above, was born on the old homestead and was sent to the common schools of the district, this education being supplemented by attendance at the normal school at Valparaiso, Ind. He became a practical farmer and was married February 1, 1890, to Lizzie M., daughter of Daniel and Nancy (Metzler) Huntzberger. They have one child, Elmer H., born April 19, 1891. He is a young man of enterprise and industry, and manages the home farm. In 1863 the father of this young man brought the first portable saw-mill to Madison township. It had a circular saw, and was the first portable mill for twenty miles around, being at that time a great curiosity, visitors coming for miles around to see it. The original name of this family may have been spelled Berkey.

Deb Murray