General William Caldwell, who was the founder of the family in Wabash county, was a son of Train Caldwell, and was born in the state of North Carolina, December 17, 1799. When eleven years of age he went with his parents to Ohio, and about five years later the family moved to Indiana territory, locating in what was then Wayne county, but is now Harrison township of Fayette county. That country was of course at that time practically a wilderness and the Caldwells by their work in clearing a farm as well as by their influence in the community helped to advance the standards of living and increase the area devoted to civilization in this state. While the family lived in Ohio, the Indian war and the second war with Great Britain were in progress. The people were often called upon to take up arms, and protect their homes, and practically all able-bodied citizens were subject to militia duties. Train Caldwell was one of those thus called upon and at one time owing to sickness or some other cause was unable to respond to the summons for military service. William Caldwell was then a boy of about fifteen years, yet big and courageous for his years, and he gladly accepted the opportunity to substitute for his father, and serve out his unexpired time. That taste of military experience was followed up by a close study and practice in military tactics, and the manual of arms, and he later became one of the leading military men of his day. General Caldwell, though prominent in affairs of a civic nature and in the state military, was essentially a farmer by vocation, and in the early days raised hogs for the Cincinnati market. In October, 1841, he moved his family to Wabash county, and in August, 1845, was elected sheriff. After about eighteen months of service he died while still in office at the age of forty-seven years. On April 12, 1820, when less than twenty-one years of age, General William Caldwell married Elizabeth Alexander, a daughter of Captain James Alexander.

Hezekiah Caldwell, a son of General William and Elizabeth Caldwell, was born in Fayette county, Indiana, January 13, 1823, and died at Wabash March 15, 1892. His wife passed away about three years previously. He was nineteen years old when the family settled in Wabash county in 1841, and he continued at home working on the farm until twenty-three. The name of Hezekiah Caldwell is associated with many important interests in Wabash county, during the last half of the nineteenth century. In 1877 in company with E. T. Vandegriff, he began the manufacture of brick, and thereafter for many years was a brick manufacturer, and also carried on an extensive business in building contracting. In 1852, he had taken up the work of contracting, and that was his chief vocation until he divided his attention between that and brick manufacturing.

In public affairs he was likewise prominent. In 1860 he was elected president of the Wabash County Agricultural Society, and headed that organization for fourteen years. In 1867, he was chosen a member of the state board of agriculture, and worked with that organization twelve years. In 1873, the board appointed him to superintend the con¬struction of the Exposition Buildings at Indianapolis. In 1876 he was made president of the State Board. Though he was not at the front during the Civil war, he did a great deal for the union cause by the raising of both men and money for the prosecution of the war. The county commissioners appointed him agent to disburse the county funds offered to those enlisting to fill up the quota of men in Wabash county, under the different calls for soldiers issued by President Lincoln. In that position he handled many thousands of dollars, and it is noteworthy that he gave a strict accounting for every cent turned over to him and disbursed through his hands. In 1858 he was elected president of the Wabash and Mount Vernon Plank & Gravel Road Company, and in 1863 became president of the Wabash and North Manchester Plank & Gravel Road Company. Thus he had a conspicuous part in the construction of some of the old thoroughfares which preceded the public road movement in Wabash county. In 1878 he was elected treasurer of Wabash county, and re-elected in 1880.

In 1848 Hezekiah Caldwell married Jane Gibson, who came from Chautauqua county, New York. To their marriage were born eight children, as follows: William D., deceased; Ethelbert Gordon; George; Horace Oscar; Edgar G., deceased; Minnie L., wife of James E. Bruner; Homer; and Sherman.

Hezekiah Caldwell as a citizen was a figure whose career should not soon be forgotten. He served as post master of Wabash for a number of years and in business was fairly successful, having been too scrupulous and liberal to acquire a fortune, though he was always well to do. He had hosts of friends, and every office given him he regarded as a public trust, which was never betrayed. He was a safe counselor and many people went to him for advice. It is said that the interests of orphans were as safe in his hands as were those of the most ready and alert business man, and perhaps no finer tribute can be paid to the rugged honesty and integrity which were characteristic of his very nature.

H. O. Caldwell, best known to his large circle of acquaintances as "Hart" Caldwell, was born in Wabash, September 8, 1855, and at the present time is engaged in the cultivation and management of a fine farm of 186 acres in Lagro township near Speickerville. His boyhood was spent in the city of Wabash, and the grammar and high schools there afforded him his chief educational opportunities. Several years of his youth were spent in employment in his father's brick yard and that gave him an acquaintance with an industry which he utilized in different localities at a later time. In 1876 he entered the United States Railway Mail Service, and for several years his run was on the Big Four Lines, and for eight years on the Wabash Railway. In 1888, Mr. Caldwell moved to Chicago, and for two years was engaged with the D. B. Purington Press Brick Company, and from there went to Duluth, Minnesota, and spent a similar period with the A. G. Reiser Brick Company. Returning to Wabash county he took charge of his father's farm, and later bought the place from the other heirs. Hezekiah Caldwell had bought that land in the first place for the timber growing upon it, which he used in the manufacture of brick.

On September 23,1884, H. O. Caldwell married Rose Eleanor Bishop, a daughter of William Bishop, now deceased. Mrs. Caldwell died April 13, 1914. Like his father before him Mr. Caldwell has always been a republican, but in recent years has not favored the "stand-pat" tendency and rather leans toward the progressive principles.

"History of Wabash County, Indiana"
Clarkson W. Weesner
Lewis Publishing Co.
Chicago and New York
published in 1914

Mr. Unger is a son of Samuel and Barbara (Ridenour) Unger. The maternal grandfather of the subject, David Ridenour, came to this county in an early day, and some of the younger brothers and sisters of Mr. Unger's mother were born here. David Ridenour entered land in the Indian Reservation and there applied himself straightway to the business of taming a wilderness tract and evolving a productive farm. The paternal grandfather of the subject also came to Wabash county at about the same time. He was Jacob Unger, and he, too, entered land in the wilds of Wabash county. He was born in Pennsylvania, and so also was his son, Samuel, the father of the subject. Samuel was reared in Pennsylvania and was as yet unmarried when he migrated into Wabash county, Indiana. He had but a limited education, schools being few and not too well conducted in that early day, and his father felt that he needed him with the work at home. When Samuel Unger secured for himself a farm in Noble township, he shared much the fate of his father in that land he entered was wild and as yet unreclaimed from its pristine state. Later, however, he bought some cleared land, as he did not wish to spend all his young life in getting a farm into condition. The first buildings on his place were a tiny log cabin of two rooms, and a barn that in comparison to the size of his house was tremendous. He lived in the small cottage or cabin for some little time; then, when he purchased the partly cleared farm adjoining his first place, he moved to the larger house that stood there, and for a good many years that was the home of the family. In later years Mr. Unger built a more pretentious and commodious house on the property, and there he died in 1879. The old home still stands just as he left it.

John B. Unger was one of the eight children of his parents. The others are here named as follows: Esther, who married Peter C. Smith and died in March, 1913; David, who married Mary Netcher; Sarah, the wife of Samuel DuBois; Benton, who married Mary Burkholder; Samuel, who was twice married, his first wife being Hattie James, and he later married Ida Brown; Isaac, deceased, was the first husband of Ida Brown and after his death she married Samuel Unger; and William, now deceased.

After the death of Samuel Unger, in 1879, John B. settled on a part of his father's farm, which comprised six hundred acres in all, though it has been noted already that he began life with nothing of his own beyond his native thrift and sterling character. John B. Unger continued to reside there up to the year 1907, and, as is stated in a previous paragraph, he built himself a comfortable and modern town house and is there residing with his family at the present time. He still owns two farms aggregating eighty acres.

Mr. Unger married Mary James, a daughter of Amos James, in 1880, and she died in 1907, leaving one child, Earl Unger, who married Ethel McKinney, daughter of Charles McKinney of Wabash county, and is without issue.

Mr. Unger, being unused to idleness, found time hanging heavily upon his hands when he retired from the farm, and as a means of having something to occupy his mind and his hands he stocked a small store, and devotes himself to the care of the place in Wabash since he settled here. He is a member of the Wesleyan Methodist church, and is a prohibitionist in politics, though in recent years he was a stanch democrat. He is one of the steady and dependable citizens of the community, and enjoys the friendship of a wide circle of old acquaintances in and about the community that so long represented his home.

"History of Wabash County, Indiana"
Clarkson W. Weesner
Lewis Publishing Co.
Chicago and New York
published in 1914

In 1851 Jacob Shambaugh came to Wabash county, his journey by horse and wagon consuming two weeks. He had purchased a farm of 160 acres two miles east of Wabash for $850, but was not satisfied with this land and soon moved to a property in Noble township. On this latter land was a small log cabin and log barn, to reach which it was necessary to travel through the woods, over devious paths, roads being at that time unheard of. Small game was to be found in abundance, and the family larder was added to daily through the rifle skill of the father or sons. Subsequently Mr. Shambaugh gave a new settler a lease upon that property until 1871, and in this way entered into the business of buying, leasing and selling farms, in which he was engaged for many years. In the meantime, while his sons worked his various properties, he was engaged at the trade of brick laying and plastering, his chief occupation being to replace the primitive stick chimneys with modern brick ones. It is told that on one occasion he was called upon by an Indian to build a chimney for him, which he accordingly constructed of stone, and subsequently had much difficulty in making the red man believe in its durability, as the latter had never seen anything of the kind before. An earnest, industrious and energetic man, Mr. Shambaugh continued to trade in land and to work at his vocation until death called him, both he and his wife passing away in Wabash county. They were the parents of the following children: Lewis, Julia Ann, Amelia, Enoch, Marguerite, Mark, Zeno and Ellen Mary, of whom six survive.

Enoch Shambaugh passed his boyhood in much the same manner as other pioneers' sons in Wabash county. He early learned the meaning of hard work, and even his education entailed some labor in its securing, for he had to walk a mile through the woods to reach the little log schoolhouse, which he attended two months during each winter. One of his principal occupations in his boyhood was laying ditches, in those days made of timber, as tile was unheard of then, and of this he put in 200 rods. His first farm was a property of 148 acres, to which he subsequently added eighty acres, and later erected a good house and barn, continuing to reside there until 1871, in March of which year he came to his present farm of 180 acres. Here had been cleared twenty acres, and this had been fenced, the only other improvement being an old log cabin. The remainder of the land has all been put under cultivation by Mr. Shambaugh, who has it all well fenced, and a fine residence, substantial barns and good outbuildings have been erected. This is now one of the most valuable farms in Waltz township, and Mr. Shambaugh deserves much credit for what he has accomplished in its development. In his community he is known as a skilled farmer and stock raiser, practical in all these things, yet always ready to give a trial to new ideas and methods. His large crops and fine fat stock give evidence of his good management, and his honorable dealings have given him an excellent reputation for integrity. Public confidence has been placed in him, as is shown by his service as appraiser and township guardian, and he has also served as administrator of his father's large estate. In political matters he is a republican, as was his father before him. A pillar of the United Brethren church, he has been active in its work, and at present is a member of the board of stewards.

Mr. Shambaugh was married April 9, 1868, to Miss Elnora Kessler, daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth Kessler, and she died January 31, 1899, having been the mother of the following children: Roselle, who became the wife of William Unger and died leaving one son, Wellman; Amanda, who became the wife of Jerry Jones and died leaving two children, Ethel and Carl; Martha, who married Hayes Emerick and has three children, Victor, Mabel and Vera; Elmira, who married Lloyd Speicher and has five children, Louise, Lawrence, Lavon, Frieda and an infant not named; Alva, who married Jemima Wiley and has four children, Lucille, Arley, Ruby and Marie; Clara, who married Lemuel Haynes and has two children, Vernon and Virgil; and Samuel and Marguerite, who both died in infancy. All of the children were born in Wabash county and educated in the public schools here. They were fitted admirably for the places they have been called upon to fill in life and have been a credit to the county of their birth, to their parents and to their training.

"History of Wabash County, Indiana"
Clarkson W. Weesner
Lewis Publishing Co.
Chicago and New York
published in 1914

Edwin Singer, trustee of Chester township and one of the foremost men of the community, was born on the old homestead, in Chester township, on March 14, 1860. He attended the district schools, and also had some training at Valparaiso and Oberlin colleges, after which he engaged in school teaching. For the following quarter century he was occupied in the work, later turning his attention to farming and stock raising. He was known for a successful and progressive educator, even in those years, and to his farming enterprise he has brought an industry and activity that have resulted in pleasurable exhibitions of success.

Mr. Singer is a Republican in politics and is greatly interested in the affairs of his community at all times. He was elected township trustee in 1908 and has since held the same office. During his service the roads of the township have improved very perceptibly, and the local high school has come to be regarded as one of the finest in the section, having lately installed departments of manual training and household science. He received the nomination of the republican party to the office of County Clerk, the election to be held in the fall of 1914. Progress is the keynote to all his activities, either of a public or a private nature, and his connection with affairs relating to the community life can only result in good to all concerned.

Mr. Singer was married to Mrs. Emma Spacy, a widow, and the daughter of Scott Rice. They have one son, Victor Hugo. Mr. Singer is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias and the Royal Order of Moose and he and his wife have membership in the Methodist Episcopal church.

"History of Wabash County, Indiana"
Clarkson W. Weesner
Lewis Publishing Co.
Chicago and New York
published in 1914

Mr. Kaufman was born in Trumble county, Ohio, near Warren, December 10, 1840, and is a son of Michael and Catherine (Misner) Kaufman.

The family came to Wabash county in 1846, traveling by way of Trumble county to Cleveland by wagon, then on to Toledo, and thence by canal to Wabash county, the father settling on the southeast corner of section 8, Waltz township. This farm had been entered from the Government by Michael Kaufman, and D. G. Kaufman is still in possession of the old sheepskin deed, dated March 18, 1847, showing that it was entered from the Government and recorded and proved up at Fort Wayne. This farm is now occupied by C. O. Peters. At the time of the Kaufmans' arrival the land was all in timber, although there were several small log buildings which had been erected by a man named Bennett, and the rough log cabin had no sides on it. Mr. Kaufman rebuilt the buildings, which have since been replaced by more modern structures. D. G. Kaufman remembers that he enjoyed life during the pioneer days as much as he does now, and a large part of his time was passed in assisting neighbors to plow, often without remuneration of any kind. His education was secured in the primitive schools of his day, which lasted only three months during each winter, and to which he had to make his way on foot two miles. The greater part of his education was secured after he had reached his twenty-first year, although he was of a more retentive nature and accordingly learned much more quickly than many who had greater advantages. When he was not in school or work¬ing on the farm he spent a great deal of time in the woods. When the Civil war broke out he offered his services to his country as a member of Company A, Eighty-ninth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, but did not pass the examination, and was therefore never sent to the front, although his brother Jacob was a soldier of Company A, Eighty-ninth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, Capt. Elias Stone, and served throughout the entire struggle.

On February 18, 1864, Mr. Kaufman was married to Miss Elvira Jackson, daughter of John H. and Sarah (Barnhard) Jackson. Sarah Barnhard was reared in South Carolina and married in Henry county, Indiana, where John H. Jackson was born and raised. She has one sister and three brothers living: Malinda, Joel, Elza and David, and Emma and an infant, deceased. The Jackson family came to Indiana, in 1859. Seven children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Kaufman, namely: Madison, who married Hulda Rood and is a resident of Oregon; Della, who is the wife of William Howell; Ida, who married John Printy of Michigan; Arvilla, who married George Wright; Clinton, who married Susan Pearson; Walter, who married Lena Schautz, and Homer. All were born on the present farm in Wabash county and all were educated in the schools of Waltz township, being given a training fitting them for the positions in life which they might be called upon to fill.

The year following his marriage Mr. Kaufman moved to his present farm. At that time he was the owner of a horse and a cow, and with these as a nucleus began the building up of a good farm. On his land there had been erected a log house, which continued to be the family home until Mr. Kaufman was able to do the clearing of his land from the heavy timber, and the draining of the swamp land. At this time he has ninety-five acres, all in a high state of cultivation, and the once worthless, non-productive soil is now made to yield abundant crops of golden grain, which amply repay Mr. Kaufman for the labor he has expended upon it. Mr. Kaufman's success is chiefly the result of his own effort, industry and integrity being its cornerstones. On this foundation he has reared a structure of which he may well be proud, its pinnacle being the unswerving confidence of his fellow-men. A man of liberal views in all things, he believes in free speech, and is inclined toward socialism in his politics. Mr. Kaufman was reared in the faith of the Lutheran church, while his estimable wife, who, like her husband, has many friends, is identified with the Christian church.

"History of Wabash County, Indiana"
Clarkson W. Weesner
Lewis Publishing Co.
Chicago and New York
published in 1914

Frank Hawley received his education in the district schools of Noble and Waltz townships, and while thus securing his literary training assisted his father in the cultivation of the home farm. On attaining his majority he embarked in agricultural pursuits on his own account, but in 1895 turned his attention to mercantile lines and became the proprietor of a store at Amboy. This he conducted with some success until 1900, when he received a good offer for his business and disposed of his interests, at that time returning to farming, in which he was engaged until 1906. He then again became a merchant, purchasing the store formerly owned by Nick Bowman at Red Bridge, and here, through energetic methods and honorable dealings, he has built up an extensive trade. He is possessed of good business ability, is familiar with the wants and needs of his customers, and carries a full line of the most up-to-date goods. His courtesy and pleasant personality have done much to increase his business and have also gained him numerous friends in his community. For a number of years Mr. Hawley was a member of the Church of the Brethren, but of late years he has not been a regular member, although he is ever ready to assist in good movements. In political matters he is a socialist, and he takes a keen and intelligent interest in public affairs as they affect his locality or its people. Mr. Hawley enjoys the privileges of membership in Somerset Lodge of the Masonic fraternity and the Odd Fellows Lodge of Amboy, in both of which he is very popular.

Mr. Hawley was married to Miss Tina Bowman, daughter of Eli W. and Melvina (Tait) Bowman and one of a family of twelve children. Eight children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Hawley: Ethel, who married Roy Shaw and has two children; Darrel and Harold; Claude and Clyde, twins, the latter of whom is deceased; Ely, deceased; Walter and Victor, residing at home with their parents; Marguerite, deceased, and one child who died in infancy.

"History of Wabash County, Indiana"
Clarkson W. Weesner
Lewis Publishing Co.
Chicago and New York
published in 1914

The first twelve years of Dr. Beaman's life were spent on the farm, of which the last two comprised mainly driving oxen in the timber for his father. Then with his father he took up the mercantile business at Junction, Ohio, continuing until he was twenty-one. Dr. Beaman's education was the result of attendance at the district schools and the business school at Leipsic, Ohio. Having reached his majority, he determined to make the study and practice of medicine his life work.

With that purpose in view he entered the Fort Wayne College of Medicine, subsequently continuing his studies in Purdue University, and was graduated in 1906 a Doctor of Medicine from the medical department of that institution. His first seventeen months as a graduate physician were passed in the community of Urbana, in Wabash county, and since then he has practiced successfully at North Manchester. By hard and conscientious work his business has been built up to a lucrative point, and his standing is among the best among Wabash county's physicians. In the line of his profession he is identified with the County and State Medical Society, the American Medical Association and also with the Eleventh Council District Association. His social and fraternal relations are with the Masonic Order, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias and the Modern Woodmen of America.

In November, 1908, Dr. Beaman was appointed to the office of city physician at North Manchester to fill out the unexpired term of Dr. Lila Andrews. In January, 1914, came a re-appointment to the office, and for the past six years he has performed his duties in safeguarding the public health of the community in a most efficient and creditable manner. In all his relations, whether professional or civic, Dr. Beaman has exhibited a fine sense of citizenship, and has proved himself one of the men of useful work and influences in the community. On September 21,1907, Dr. Beaman married Miss Pauline Speicher, a daughter of the late David Speicher of Urbana, and a member of a prominent old family of Wabash county.

"History of Wabash County, Indiana"
Clarkson W. Weesner
Lewis Publishing Co.
Chicago and New York
published in 1914

John Harrison Jackson came to Wabash county as one of the early settlers, and here took up his residence in Waltz township in the present home of his son. He was in modest financial circumstances and was able only to secure a heavily timbered property, which had been entered several years before from the Government by James Shackleford. His first residence was a small log structure, and for a long period his life continued to be a struggle against obstacles and disappointments, but as the years passed he steadily prospered through persistent labor and energetic application, and at the time of his death he was the owner of a large body of well-cultivated land. Both he and his wife were laid to rest in Waltz township.

H. E. Jackson was not yet four years of age when he accompanied his parents to Waltz township, and his boyhood was passed in assisting his father to clear the home farm from the heavy virgin timber. In the meantime he passed several months of each winter in attending the district school, thus gaining an education which has since been supplemented by much reading, broad experience and keen observation of men and affairs, and today he is a well-informed man on a number of general subjects. He early adopted agricultural pursuits for his life's work, and thoroughly trained himself in all things that combine to make the successful tiller of the soil. As was the case with his father, his earnest efforts have been rewarded by a full measure of success, and his sixty-acre tract is now as valuable as many which are much larger, for he has combined new ideas with old-time practicability, and has not been slow to adopt measures which recent investigation and discovery have shown to be helpful. All of the present improvements have been placed upon the property by Mr. Jackson, and he has a good home, a substantial barn and numerous well-built outbuildings. Mr. Jackson is a member of the Christian church, with which he has been connected for eleven years. Like his father, he is a republican in politics. Public life has not attracted him, but he has at all times been ready to cooperate with other energetic men of his township in forwarding movements for the general welfare of his community and its people.

Mr. Jackson was married in Waltz township to Miss Marguerite Jane Roser, and they had six children, all born in this township: O. W., who married Anna Wright; J. A., who married Tillie Ganway; A. N., who married Miss Bessie Dalstrom; Lula Velma, who married W. A. Shinn; Nellie N., who is single and a school teacher in Arizona, and Edith Winona, who married Homer Putnam and resides in Alberta, Canada. Mrs. Jackson died in 1889 and is buried in Waltz township.

"History of Wabash County, Indiana"
Clarkson W. Weesner
Lewis Publishing Co.
Chicago and New York
published in 1914

Mr. Summers was married (first) in 1890 to Miss Ruth Reynolds, who was a daughter of Greer and Amanda Reynolds, and they had two children: Asbury, born July 25, 1892, and Jessie, born March 3, 1898. Mrs. Summers died in November, 1904, and Mr. Summers was married (second) to Savannah Morrison, daughter of John W. and Emma V. (Davidson) Morrison, and two children were born to this union: Oscar, born October 19, 1913, and one who died in infancy. They also have a child whom they are raising, Charline Marie Jacobs, daughter of Charles and Mina Dawes Jacobs, whose mother died at birth, and whom they are rearing as one of their own children. Mrs. Summers has the following brothers and sisters: Amanda, who married George Bidelstetter; Vergie C., who married Oliver Speelman; Pearl, who married Adolph Modricker; Amelia, who married William C. Hovermale; Pressley, who married Minnie Shade, and Noah C., single.

Mr. Summers has been somewhat interested in work of a fraternal nature, and belongs to Somerset Lodge of Masons. In political matters he is a republican, but has never sought nor cared for public office. During his residence in Waltz township he has formed a wide acquaintance, and his actions have ever been such as to gain him the respect and esteem of those with whom he has come into contact.

"History of Wabash County, Indiana"
Clarkson W. Weesner
Lewis Publishing Co.
Chicago and New York
published in 1914

John M. Logan was born in the same county and state, and was a son of James and Elizabeth (Mann) Logan, who were early settlers of that locality, while Mrs. Logan was a daughter of Judge Elias Poston, one of the early county jurists of Rush county. The parents of Mr. Logan grew up in Rush county and were there married, and in 1856 left their native locality and came to Wabash county, locating near La Fontaine, where they passed the remainder of their lives in the pursuits of agriculture, and here passed away. They were the parents of seven children, of whom three survive: Anna E., who is the wife of T. J. Watson, of La Fontaine; Martha A., who is the wife of H. C. Badger, a resident of Indianapolis; and T. W., of this review.

T. W. Logan was a lad of five years when brought to Wabash county by his parents, and here secured a good practical public school education which qualified him for teaching so that he adopted the vocation of educator and for six years had charges in the county. Mr. Logan was married to Miss Alma E. Price, of Huntington county, Indiana, and at that time settled on a farm in Wayne township, which he cleared from the wilderness. After five years he disposed of this property at a handsome figure and returned to Wabash county, but in 1889 moved to Monroe county, and after five years again returned to Wabash county. Here he located on his present place, the Purlieu Farm, which he has developed to a high state of cultivation, a tract of 200 acres of land on which are located the finest of improvements, including a handsome residence, commodious barn and substantial outbuildings. In his general farming operations Mr. Logan uses the latest and most highly approved methods, and the admirable results which he obtains from his labors give ample evidence of his skill as an agriculturist. On coming to this property Mr. Logan began to give a great deal of attention to the breeding of Poland-China hogs, but since 1901 has been breeding pure blooded Duroc hogs, with which he has had excellent success. His reputation is that of a man of integrity and honorable dealing, and in his community he is held in the highest esteem and confidence.

Of the seven children born to Mr. Logan's first marriage, five are living at this time: B. Irene, a graduate of the high school and now the wife of Charles Arbaugh of Indianapolis; Mary E., a graduate of the same school and now the wife of Fred Prillaman, of Yorktown, Indiana; Lulu, a graduate of the same school, and now the wife of Elmer Prillaman, of Yorktown; Lora, wife of John Bellis, of Naylor, Missouri; Elizabeth, who is the wife of C. Halbert, of Yorktown; one child died in infancy; and Emma E., who died at the age of nineteen years. The mother of these children died July 21, 1912, and Mr. Logan was married (second) January 14, 1914, to Miss Nettie Bruce, who was born and reared in Indiana, and educated in the public schools of Rochester and Logansport, Indiana, a daughter of Benjamin and Mary Bruce, Mr. Bruce being ex-county treasurer of Fulton county, Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Logan are consistent members of the Baptist church. He is a democrat in politics, but has taken only a good citizen's interest in public matters.

"History of Wabash County, Indiana"
Clarkson W. Weesner
Lewis Publishing Co.
Chicago and New York
published in 1914

The Orr family was founded in the United States by two brothers, John and Robert Orr, of Scotch-Irish stock, who emigrated to this country from Ireland at an early day, John Orr, the grandfather of William H. Orr, settling in Pennsylvania and later moving to Ohio, where he spent the remainder of his life in agricultural pursuits, and died in Licking county. Benjamin Orr, his son, was born in Pennsylvania, and was a youth when he accompanied the family to Licking county, where the rest of his life was passed. He was a farmer all of his life, as were his six sons, and was an honest, hard-working and industrious man, well deserving of the respect in which he was held by his friends and associates. He married Eliza Dustheimer, a native of Virginia, also deceased, and they, became the parents of eleven children, as follows: Elizabeth, Jerry, Eliza, William H., Anthony, Silas. George, James, Sarah, Margaret and Phoebe. Of these William H., Anthony, Silas, George and Phoebe survive, and William H. and Phoebe are the only ones who came to Indiana.

William H. Orr grew to manhood on his father's farm in Licking county, Ohio, and there received his education in the public schools. He carefully saved his earnings, and in February, 1860, left Newark with four boy neighbors, their destination being the gold fields of California. After reaching New York City they boarded a vessel and for twenty-six days were on the water, then traveled over the Isthmus of Panama by rail, and after a long and wearisome journey reached the Golden state. There Mr. Orr soon secured work for others in the gold fields, but subsequently secured a claim of his own, then engaged in working that claim and in buying and selling others, and also worked on a sawmill. He was very successful in his operations, at times making as high as $100 per day, but his partner finally became too homesick to remain away any longer, and in 1866 they sold their holdings and returned to Licking county, Ohio. Not long thereafter Mr. Orr moved to Wabash county, Indiana, and, locating in Lagro township, purchased the old Peabody farm in partnership with his brother-in-law, William Emery. There he resided for several years, when he sold out to Mr. Emery and returned to Licking county to marry Martha Hazelton. Soon after they returned to Lagro township and settled on the farm of 130 acres, which he had previously purchased, the old Levi Inyard farm which Mr. Orr bought from David Sibert. Here he erected all new buildings and made numerous improvements, and since then has added to his acreage on two occasions, 105 acres of his land being the old Hillegloss farm and thirteen acres being purchased from George Herrick. He has continued to devote his entire time and attention to his farm, and through industry, application and good management, combined with the use of practical, modern methods, he has achieved a competency and is now accounted one of the substantial men of his community. He bears the reputation of being a man of the highest integrity, whose word is as good as his bond and whose name is an honored one on commercial paper. In everything that pertains to the welfare and advancement of the community of his adoption he takes a keen and intelligent interest, and at all times is ready to give his support to good and progressive measures. In politics he is a democrat, while his fraternal connection is with Jackson Lodge of Masons of Newark, Ohio.

Mr. and Mrs. Orr have been the parents of the following children: Edward, who is deceased; Myrtle, who is the wife of Loyal Smith and has two children, Dorothy and Bruce; Guy, who resides at home and assists his father in the work of the farm; Bertha, who married Orval Brouthers and has two children, Pauline and Evelyn; Benjamin, who married Hazel Hyatt and has one son, Thomas William; and Hazel, who is deceased.

"History of Wabash County, Indiana"
Clarkson W. Weesner
Lewis Publishing Co.
Chicago and New York
published in 1914

Mr. Finan's farm in the course of time fell to Mrs. Ragan, prior to her marriage, and when she married Mr. Ragan in 1850 they moved to that place and there lived until 1872, when they took up their residence on the place that is now owned and occupied by their son. The father died in September, 1911, and the mother followed him in January of the next year. He was eighty-seven at the time of his passing, and the mother was seventy-seven.

Mr. and Mrs. Ragan were the parents of nine children, here named in the order of their birth: Michael; Margaret, the wife of Dennis Holland; Maurice J., the subject of this brief family review; Edward, Conrad, Barney, Daniel, Mary, now a student in Columbia University and a teacher of some years' experience, and James, who died in 1907. All were born in Lagro but the two last named, who were born on this farm.

Maurice J. Ragan was born at Lagro on November 23, 1860. He attended the public schools there, and when he reached an independent age devoted himself to carpentry and followed the work for ten years. For five years he was a carpenter on the Wabash Railroad, and with a crew of eleven men was engaged in building bridges and stations along the line in the vicinity of Toledo. He came to the home farm about 1890 in order that he might look after his parents, who were then in the decline of life and required the ministrations of their children. He remained on the place after the passing of the old folks and has made a creditable record as a farmer. The home is occupied by the family of Adam Judey and Mr. Ragan occupies private apartments in the house.

Mr. Ragan is a member of St. Patrick's Roman Catholic church at Lagro, and he is fraternally identified with the Maccabee lodge at that place. He is a Democrat and active in politics in the town and county, though not an office holder or a seeker after official honors. Like most of his family, Mr. Ragan was given a fairly good education, for his father, though himself almost wholly untutored, believed in education and gave to his children the best advantages he could provide.

Edward and Lewis, brothers of the subject, were for some years proprietors of a drug store at Lafayette, which business they discontinued in 1906 because of the ill health of Lewis. After a good bit of moving about in search of renewed strength and health Lewis Ragan died at Tucson, Arizona, January 26, 1907, and was brought back to Lagro for burial. All the other members of the family are still living.

"History of Wabash County, Indiana"
Clarkson W. Weesner
Lewis Publishing Co.
Chicago and New York
published in 1914

Mr. Lines was born in Rush county, Indiana, January 16, 1840, and is a son of Thomas H. and Nancy (Sailors) Lines, natives of Rush county, where they were reared, educated and married. As early as 1842 they came to Wabash county, locating in Liberty township, where the father entered 119 1/2 acres of land, which he subsequently cleared from the timber and brush and improved into good tillable land. He continued to make his home on this property during the remaining years of his life, and through energetic and well-directed management was able to become the owner of a handsome and valuable property. Mr. and Mrs. Lines were the parents of ten children, of whom five are living at this time: Pleasant A.; Marshall, who resides at La Fontaine; Martha, his twin, who resides at La Fontaine and is the wife of Tobe Miller; and Monroe, a farmer of Liberty township.

Pleasant A. Lines was past two years of age when he came with his parents to Wabash county, and his education was secured in the early district schools of Liberty township, which he attended a short time each winter while spending the summer months at farming the homestead. He was given his liberty by his father when he was twenty years of age, but had no capital save his industry and determination to succeed. Soon Mr. Lines secured employment at clearing land and preparing it for "rolling," a task for which he was paid $3.25 an acre, three or four days being consumed in clearing an acre, and thus he prepared eleven acres. Subsequently he was engaged with his father and brother in conducting a threshing machine, and when the season was over engaged in splitting rails at fifty cents per hundred, getting out about 300 a day and continuing to be thus occupied until he was twenty-two years of age. It was in such tasks that Mr. Lines secured the capital which formed the nucleus for his present ample fortune. A large part of his youth was passed in the school of hard work, but it was excellent training, and his experience furnished him with much that was to prove useful to him in the years that followed.

On December 29, 1861, Mr. Lines was married to Miss Flora A. Tyner who was born in Rush county, Indiana, and came to Wabash county with her parents as a child. Three children were born to this union, of whom two are living at this time: Ursala, who is the wife of Asa Roby, of Liberty township; and Alva, who married Grace Dawes. After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Pleasant A. Lines settled down to agricultural pursuits in Liberty township, and here, as the years have passed, they have accumulated more and more land until they now own 650 acres, a part of which, about 240 acres, are owned by Mrs. Lines and her mother, Mrs. Elizabeth Tyner. This venerable lady has reached the age of ninety years, born March 4, 1825. Her husband, Elijah Tyner, died in April, 1877, and Mr. and Mrs. Lines have lived on the Tyner farm ever since. Thus Mr. Lines has lived within a mile of his present home for seventy-two years. It is also the home of Mrs. Tyner. The accompanying portrait of the five generations, all living in Wabash county, represents Mrs. Elizabeth Tyner and her daughter, Mrs. Flora Ann Lines, the latter's son, Alvah Lines, his daughter, Mrs. Pauline Clark, and her son, Garnett L. Clark. Mr. and Mrs. Lines are widely known in the community as people of genuine worth and stability, who take a pride in their community and have at all times endeavored to advance its best interests. They are faithful members of the Antioch Baptist church, and Mr. Lines is a republican, although he has never taken much part in public life.

"History of Wabash County, Indiana"
Clarkson W. Weesner
Lewis Publishing Co.
Chicago and New York
published in 1914

He was born in Perry county, Ohio, October 7, 1838, and has already rounded out more than three-quarters of a century of human life His parents were Nicholas and Elizabeth (Garhart) Zahm. The parents were born in Germany and were married in Oldenberg. While living in the Fatherland Nicholas Zahm practiced the trade of shoemaker, but after his marriage and after six children had been born they emigrated to the United States, where three other children subsequently came into their household. For ten years their home was in Wayne county, Ohio, where the father bought a farm, and, selling that place, he moved to Perry county, Ohio, and bought a place containing sixty-two acres. Both he and his wife passed away on the old homestead, she in 1857 at the age of sixty-five, and he in 1874 on his eighty-seventh birthday. Their children were named as follows: Nicholas, Margaret, Catherine, Ann, Peter, Jacob, John, all of whom are now deceased; Mary, widow of John Bletzacker of Lancaster, Ohio, and George J., the youngest.

George J. Zahm spent his early boyhood in Perry county, Ohio. When he was six or seven years of age he began walking back and forth to the district school, which was kept in a log building, and he spent many weary hours sitting on the rough log benches, made from split chestnut trees, smoothed off on the upper side, and supported by wooden pins driven into the under side. The work on a pioneer farm was never ending, and consequently the boys of that generation found more practical training in plowing and planting and in swinging an ax than they got in the schools. George Zahm from an early age took his place in the woods and in the fields, helped clear the land and assisted his father with the cultivation until he was about sixteen years of age. At that time he began working at the carpenter's trade, under his brother Jacob, and for about ten years that was the source of his livelihood.

On June 14, 1864, he married Mary M. Clark, a daughter of Francis and Rebecca (Flowers) Clark. This family had early settled in Perry county, and their home was about one mile from the Zahm farm. Mary Clark was born there, and she and George Zahm were children together, and were thus married out of the same neighborhood and had the same early associations. In the fall of 1865 Mr. and Mrs. Zahm moved to Huntington, Indiana, which was then a comparatively small village, though a hustling business place. In Huntington Mr. Zahm spent about three years in the carpenter's trade and was gradually getting a little bit ahead in the world. His wife's parents had come to Huntington at the same time, buying a farm near the county seat, where they lived until their death. All made the trip from Ohio with horses and wagons, very much after the pioneer style.

In 1868 Mr. Zahm took a contract to cut timber for his brother-in-law, William Anderson, who had bought a large tract of timber land from John Roach of Huntington. After about one year with Anderson Mr. Zahm bought his present farm in Wabash county. Its former owner was Judge J. D. Connor of Wabash. Nearly every acre of the land was at that time covered with heavy timber, and there was not a building or improvement on the farm. Mr. Zahm put up a little cabin, which is now used as a kitchen of his more commodious home, and from time to time, as his means and time allowed, he added to his residence, until it is now both an attractive and comfortable home, situated behind the trees and well back from the public highway. As soon as he had provided for the simplest living necessities Mr. Zahm undertook the clearing of the timber from his land. He cut and hauled the logs to the canal at Lagro, which was then an important shipping point, and thus practically all the merchantable timber on his land went by the water route to market. In this way he gradually cleared off his fields, tiled it and otherwise improved the land, and for many years followed general farming with increasing prosperity. About three years ago he began renting out his fields, and has since retired from active business.

Mr. and Mrs. Zahm are now living comfortably at their old homestead, which represents their joint labors and economy, and their children are all married and have left home, except Miss Rose, the youngest, who lives at home and looks after her parents with admirable filial devotion. Mr. Zahm is a self-made man in the fullest sense of the term, and everything that has come to him is the result of hard and honest toil. He is a man of his word, which once given is never broken; is fair and just in all his dealings, and has a host of friends in Wabash county.

Mr. and Mrs. Zahm are the parents of the following children: William Clement, who married Cora Hamilton and has one child, Marie; Pius Francis, the second child of Mr. and Mrs. George J. Zahm, died aged about one year; Louis, who married Melinda Hamilton, a sister of Mrs. William C. Zahm, and she died in August, 1909; Clara, who is now Mrs. John T. McGuire and has one child, Pearl; Edward, who married Bessie Frushure, has a daughter, Virginia, and Miss Rose. The Zahms are members of St. Patrick's Catholic church at Lagro, and Mr. Zahm was for twenty-five years honored with the position of trustee in the church. On Sunday, June 14, 1914, Mr. and Mrs. Zahm celebrated their golden wedding.

"History of Wabash County, Indiana"
Clarkson W. Weesner
Lewis Publishing Co.
Chicago and New York
published in 1914

Isaiah Miley, a painter by trade, was a young man when he migrated from Pennsylvania to Ohio, and in October, 1859, came from the latter state to Indiana, but prior to that, in 1836, he served under Gen. Sam Houston in the United States army in Texas. He settled on a farm in Waltz township, about two miles north of the present home of John D. Miley, and there rounded out his life, having devoted his attention to farming and stock raising with a reasonable measure of success. He was married at Germantown, Montgomery county, Ohio, to Miss Elizabeth Dininger, and they became the parents of two sons and seven daughters: Henrietta, Catherine, Elizabeth, Daniel, John David, Melisena, Fannie Mary, Ann and Ida E. Of these all except the last named were born in Darke county, Ohio. Daniel Miley served during the last eight months of the Civil war as a private in the Fortieth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and received his honorable discharge at the cessation of hostilities. The mother of the foregoing children died in 1894.

John David Miley was educated in the district schools of Waltz township, and grew up to agricultural pursuits, in which he has spent his entire life. He is the owner of sixty acres in his home property, and also has forty acres near the home place, about one-half mile north. A good residence, substantial barns and outbuildings, improved machinery, good stock and well-tilled fields all testify to the enterprise of the owner, whose efforts have been consecutive and well directed, bringing him, therefore, a substantial financial return. In his political affiliations Mr. Miley is a stalwart republican, unswerving in support of the principles of that party. In the position of trustee of Waltz township, in which he served four years, and as justice of the peace for eight years, he discharged his duties with a singleness of purpose that won him the confidence of the community, and in business matters he also is well worthy of the respect in which he is held. A member of the Lutheran church, he has been liberal in his support of its various movements, and has served at various times as deacon, elder and member of the board of trustees.

Mr. Miley was married (first) to Miss Mary Alice Toomire, daughter of Bryant Toomire, and to this union there have been born four children, namely: Olive Blanche, Ida Bertha, Roscoe Reiman and Rev. Henry Germann, all born in Waltz township. Mrs. Miley died in 1879, and Mr. Miley was married (second) to Martha E. Ridenour, daughter of Isaiah A. and Elizabeth (Snavely) Ridenour. Her brothers and sisters were as follows: Elnora, who is deceased; Louisa, who married Ira Malotte; Levi; Minerva, who is deceased, and David, who married (first) Inez Bickel and (second) Gertrude Votair. To Mr. and Mrs. Miley there have been born children as follows: Luther Ernest, who is deceased; Franklin Orlando, who married Beulah Bond; Harry Benjamin; Rev. George Walten; John David, Jr., who married Kizzie Jacob; Lorin Edward, Lolo Elizabeth, Dwight L. and Charles Arthur, all born in Waltz township.

"History of Wabash County, Indiana"
Clarkson W. Weesner
Lewis Publishing Co.
Chicago and New York
published in 1914

Monroe Lines was born in Liberty township, Wabash county, Indiana, October 23, 1852, and is a son of Thomas H. and Nancy E. (Sailors) Lines. His parents were natives of Rush county, Indiana, where they were reared, educated and married, and in 1842, came to Wabash county and located in Liberty township, the father entering 119 1/2 acres of land, which he subsequently cleared from the timber and improved into good tillable farm soil. He continued to make his home on this property during the remaining years of his life and through energy and enterprise was enabled to become the owner of a handsome and valuable property. Mr. and Mrs. Lines were the parents of ten children, of whom five survive: Pleasant A., who is engaged in farming in Liberty township; Marshall, who resides at La Fontaine; Martha, his twin, who is the wife of Tobe Miller and resides at La Fontaine; and Monroe.

The boyhood and youth of Monroe Lines were passed in much the same manner as those of other youths of his day and locality, the short winter terms being passed in the district schools of pioneer Wabash county, while during the remainder of the year he worked on the home farm, where he resided until his marriage, August 14, 1874, to Missouri A. Moore. She was a daughter of William Moore, who came from Rush county and entered land in Waltz township, Wabash county, at an early date and continued to be engaged in agricultural pursuits throughout a long and active career. Five children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Lines, of whom three are living at this time: Virden, born July 15, 1875, a graduate of the common schools, married, and past grand of Metosmia Lodge No. 533, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and also a member of the Grand Lodge; Orlie O., born December 2, 1883, who married Elva Gross and lives at Marion, Indiana; Ernest E., born June 19, 1888, single and living at home, being his father's assistant on the farm; Atha, born February 2, 1881, now deceased; and Alverette, who died as a child.

After his marriage Monroe Lines settled down to agricultural pursuits, in which he has continued to be engaged to the present time, being widely known as a skilled farmer, a good judge of live stock, and a first-class business man who has never stooped to dishonorable methods. His reputation as a citizen is that of a man possessed of public spirit and pride in his community, and his friends are as numerous as his acquaintances. Mr. Lines is now the owner of ninety-one acres of good land, located in sections 19 and 30, Liberty township, which has been accumulated through his industry and enterprise, and upon which he has made numerous improvements of a. handsome and valuable character. For many years Mr. Lines was identified with the republican organization, but at the birth of the new progressive party, in 1912, he transferred his allegiance to that political power, with which he has since acted. He has never been an office seeker, but has ever been ready to perform his full share of the duties of citizenship.

"History of Wabash County, Indiana"
Clarkson W. Weesner
Lewis Publishing Co.
Chicago and New York
published in 1914

From the American metropolis Mr. Dawes went to Ohio, but after a short stay heard of the growing city (or, rather, the frontier village) named Wabash, in Indiana, and concluded to come here on a prospecting trip. He landed here via the Wabash & Erie Canal, and, being attracted by the possibilities of the place, induced his widowed mother and his brother to come to this place in 1855. For a time they resided on a tract of land in Noble township, south of the Wabash river, having purchased 240 acres of land from the Government. This land is now known as Coppock farm. As has been said, their dwelling on this land was probably the first frame residence in the county south of the river. It was while living here that Edwin Dawes was married to Rebecca Jane Miles, daughter of John Miles, who was also a pioneer of Wabash county, and shortly after this event he moved to Wabash, and in partnership with Simpson Jones, long since deceased, embarked in the retail boot and shoe business. After a number of years he sold his interest in this business, and, associated with Eli Sumner, entered the planing mill and lumber field, with an establishment one square east of the Wabash depot. Some years later the mill was destroyed by fire, with practically no insurance, and about this time Mr. Sumner died. Mr. Dawes then accepted a position with a wholesale grocery establishment, as a traveling salesman out of Toledo, Ohio, and continued to be so engaged for a number of years. When the C., W. & M. Railroad was put through, a store was built at Treaty, in Wabash county, and the owners, needing an expert bookkeeper and general assistant, persuaded Mr. Dawes to remove to that point, where for upwards of a score of years he aided in operating the store and in conducting the railroad station, the post office, the warehouse and other ventures of the owners. There his wife died in 1894. Since that time practically Mr. Dawes has lived with his children, retired from the more active cares of life. Mr. Dawes had a long and honorable business career, during which he ever manifested the strictest integrity and probity. Never incurring obligations that he did not meet nor making engagements that he did not fill, he won the unqualified trust of the business public, and his name became a synonym for commercial honesty and enterprise. In politics he is an old-time, unswerving republican, and in the early years of the Civil war and prior thereto he was prominently identified with the Underground Railroad, that system by which so many slaves found their way from the South to Canada and freedom. In religion Mr. Dawes is a Quaker, in which organization he was elder for years, and, although he has mixed with people of other denominations, he even yet frequently uses the "thee's and thou's" of the old-time members of the Society of Friends. He and his wife were the parents of four sons and one daughter, all of whom are still living.

Lindley A. Dawes, an ex-postmaster at Wabash, is the oldest of the children of Edwin Dawes, the old settler. He was born in the frame dwelling house erected by his father in Noble township, his birth occurring January 30, 1858. He was reared for the most part in the city of Wabash, and received his education in the public schools of this city, following which he aided in the work of the store at Treaty and eventually became the owner of that business, which he subsequently traded for a livery barn in Wabash. This he conducted for some twenty-two years, later trading it for 140 acres of land in Noble township, which he still owns and upon which he now resides. He also owns 120 acres in Lagro township. On March 8, 1910, he was commissioned postmaster at Wabash, a position he continued to occupy until the spring of 1914. Mr. Dawes, naturally, is a republican, and has been stanch in his support of the principles and candidates of the Grand Old Party. He has been prominent in fraternal work, and at this time is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, the Knights of the Maccabees and the Independent Order of Foresters. Like his father, he is widely known throughout this part of Wabash county, and is held in high regard by a host of warm and appreciative friends.

On June 29,1879, Mr. Dawes was married (first) to Miss Etta Coble, who died in 1891, the mother of three children: Elmina, who became the wife of Charles Jacobs and died in 1911; Corral, who is now the wife of Walter Thomas, and Nellie, who married Lee Wright. Mr. Dawes was married (second) August 22, 1903, to Miss Nellie Brumfield, and to this union there have been born two sons: Barton B. and Lindley A., Jr. Both Mr. and Mrs. Dawes belong to religious denominations, the former to the Quakers and the latter to the Presbyterian church.

"History of Wabash County, Indiana"
Clarkson W. Weesner
Lewis Publishing Co.
Chicago and New York
published in 1914